Surveillance characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR* (95% CI) | P value | |
GPEI programme challenges | ||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 0.88 (0.44 to 1.78) | 0.73 | 0.63 (0.23 to 1.71) | 0.365 |
Organisational challenges | ||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.41 (0.76 to 2.61) | 0.275 | 3.32 (1.14 to 9.66) | 0.028 |
External challenges | ||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 0.84 (0.51 to 1.36) | 0.469 | 0.54 (0.26 to 1.12) | 0.115 |
Region of surveillance | ||||
Africa | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Southeast Asia | 1.00 (0.36 to 2.78) | 1 | 1.61 (0.47 to 5.55) | 0.449 |
Eastern Mediterranean | 0.84 (0.39 to 1.84) | 0.668 | 1.21 (0.48 to 3.07) | 0.687 |
Western Hemisphere | 0.63 (0.26 to 1.53) | 0.302 | 0.69 (0.25 to 1.86) | 0.46 |
Years of experience with surveillance | ||||
<5 years | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
5–9 years | 1.03 (0.56 to 1.90) | 0.929 | 0.61 (0.20 to 1.83) | 0.375 |
10–14 years | 0.71 (0.37 to 1.37) | 0.309 | 0.38 (0.13 to 1.11) | 0.077 |
15–19 years | 0.97 (0.48 to 1.92) | 0.92 | 0.21 (0.06 to 0.66) | 0.007 |
>20 years | 2.33 (0.99 to 5.52) | 0.054 | 0.80 (0.21 to 3.06) | 0.748 |
Primary role, n (%) | ||||
Advisory | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Management | 0.96 (0.16 to 5.90) | 0.965 | 2.00 (0.19 to 21.34) | 0.566 |
Supervisory | 1.09 (0.23 to 5.15) | 0.909 | 2.32 (0.35 to 15.28) | 0.38 |
Frontline | 0.97 (0.22 to 4.23) | 0.965 | 2.13 (0.36 to 12.72) | 0.406 |
Other | 1.12 (0.25 to 5.01) | 0.885 | 2.48 (0.40 to 15.52) | 0.332 |
Country polio status, n (%) | ||||
Non-endemic | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Endemic | 1.17 (0.64 to 2.15) | 0.605 | 1.32 (0.58 to 3.00) | 0.507 |
*OR from the logistic regression model was adjusted for GPEI programme characteristics, organisational characteristics, external settings, region, years of surveillance experience, primary role and country polio status.
GPEI, Global Polio Eradication Initiative; Ref, Reference.