Table 1

Baseline characteristics of individuals with cognitive impairment with or without financial access barriers

CharacteristicsWithout barriersWith barriersP value
N=15 002 192*N=20 771 094*
Year0.048
 201113.70%15.60%
 201212.60%13.70%
 201313.80%14.50%
 201413.90%12.80%
 201514.20%13.60%
 201615.40%14.60%
 201716.50%15.30%
Age<0.001
 ≥18 and <304.90%7.20%
 ≥30 and <459.40%17.20%
 ≥45 and <6529.00%55.30%
 ≥6556.70%20.20%
Gender0.018
 Female45.10%42.70%
 Male54.90%57.30%
Marital status0.007
 Married27.80%25.20%
 Non-married72.20%74.80%
Race/ethnicity<0.001
 Non-Hispanic whites69.50%64.00%
 Non-Hispanic blacks15.50%18.50%
 Hispanics9.90%11.60%
 Others5.10%5.90%
Living region<0.001
 Northeast19.00%12.20%
 North Central/Midwest22.90%22.20%
 South37.70%41.80%
 West20.40%23.80%
Education0.003
 Below high school30.30%29.30%
 High school graduate29.80%27.30%
 Above high school39.90%43.40%
Family income<0.001
 <$50 00075.90%87.10%
 ≥$50 000 and <$100 00017.30%10.80%
 ≥$100 0006.80%2.20%
BMI<0.001
 <18.53.80%2.10%
 ≥18.5 and <2532.30%26.80%
 ≥25 and <3029.50%28.90%
 ≥3034.50%42.20%
Health insurance<0.001
 No32.90%44.30%
 Yes67.10%55.70%
Health status<0.001
 Poor or fair56.60%72.00%
 Good or very good43.40%28.00%
Amount family spent for medical care<0.001
 $020.70%14.00%
 $1–$199967.30%70.50%
 $2000–$49995.20%5.70%
 ≥ $50006.90%9.90%
Office visits0.837
 No6.70%6.80%
 Yes93.30%93.20%
Home healthcare<0.001
 No6.50%11.50%
 Yes93.50%88.50%
Hospital nights<0.001
 No73.50%70.70%
 Yes26.50%29.30%
ED visits<0.001
 No59.70%48.80%
 Yes40.30%51.20%

  • *Weighted percent estimate for the US population.

  • BMI, body mass index; ED, emergency department.