Adult humans (≥18 years) with liver disease (of any aetiology)/cirrhosis/chronic liver disease.

Animal studies.

Paediatric studies.

Liver disease where hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), transplant or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSS) are criteria for inclusion into the study.

Studies pertaining to focal liver lesions, including liver metastases or benign liver lesions.

Studies pertaining to acute liver failure.

Prognostic evaluation using CT, MRI or US.

Imaging measures derived from anatomical features (eg, organ size, liver segment size ratios, organ contour, surface nodularity, vessel size, vessel-related parameters, including the presence of thrombus, increased periportal space, ascites, body composition features derived from area-based measures such as fat, muscle, sarcopenia).

Imaging measures derived from non-contrast enhanced, non-quantitative imaging signal (eg, CT density, MR signal intensity, radiomics/textural measures, etc).

Clinical endpoints including (but not limited to):

• Mortality/survival, acute decompensation, variceal bleed, portal venous thrombosis, ascites, transplant-free survival, organ failure, infection/sepsis, development of acute-on-chronic liver failure.

• HCC-related endpoints where the presence of HCC is not a criterion for inclusion into the study.

• Studies evaluating the association with established prognostic markers (including but not limited to invasive markers such as HVPG and endoscopic variceal grade and non-invasive markers such as CTP and MELD scores).

Diagnostic evaluation using CT, MRI or US.

Prognostic studies using:

• Other imaging modalities (including functional nuclear medicine studies such as positron emission tomography).

• Non-binary anatomical features assessed subjectively by study readers (eg, subjective categorisation of the severity of liver surface nodularity).

• Non-radiomic quantitative imaging methods.

• Postcontrast enhancement ratios.

• Biomechanical imaging methods (ie, elastography US/MRI; acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) US; shear wave US).

• Doppler US.

• Quantitative MRI methods (eg, perfusion MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, T1 mapping, etc).

• Quantitative CT methods (eg, perfusion, dual energy, iodine mapping).

• Histology/microscopy studies.

Clinical endpoints:

• HCC-related endpoints, where HCC is a criterion for inclusion into the study.

• Post-transplant endpoints.

• Post-TIPSS endpoints.

• Liver fibrosis.

Studies pertaining to image reconstruction.

Studies pertaining to the development of methods for quantifying anatomical features.

Studies from any country.

Studies where recruitment has taken place in primary or secondary care (inpatient or outpatient setting), to avoid selection bias arising from the recruitment setting.

Studies published prior to 1980 to ensure the imaging technology reviewed is relevant to modern imaging methods.

Studies published in non-English languages.

Prognostic model development and validation of primary research studies, including prospective/retrospective cohort and case–control studies, at any stage/phase.

Diagnostic studies.

Case studies/case series; editorials; letters; conference proceedings; reviews/narrative studies; systematic reviews/meta-analyses; book chapters; grey literature.