Anomaly | Age group (years) | Medication | ||||||
Any cardiac medication n (95% CI) | Diuretics n (95% CI) | Antihyper- tensives % (95% CI) | VWC1 n (95% CI) | VWC2 n (95% CI) | VWC3 n (95% CI) | VWC5 n (95% CI) | ||
Reference | <1 | 25.3 (12.7 to 38.0) | 16.1 (7.4 to 24.7) | 4.0 (2.1 to 5.9) | 0.4 (0.0 to 0.7) | 3.6 (1.8 to 5.3) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.5 (0.7 to 2.2) |
1–4 | 9.3 (7.8 to 10.9) | 3.5 (2.9 to 4.1) | 3.1 (2.5 to 3.8) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.6) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | |
5–9* | 7.9 (6.7 to 9.1) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.6) | 4.2 (3.4 to 4.9) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) | |
Any CAs, (includes CHD) | <1 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) |
1–4 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | |
5–9* | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | |
CHD (includes sCHD) | <1 | 53.3 (26.7 to 79.8) | 35.1 (16.2 to 54.1) | 7.8 (3.6 to 12.0) | 1.2 (0.2 to 2.6) | 7.9 (3.5 to 12.3) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.3) | 3.4 (1.6 to 5.3) |
1–4 | 15.8 (12.9 to 18.7) | 5.9 (4.5 to 7.3) | 4.6 (3.6 to 5.7) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) | 2.4 (1.8 to 3.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) | |
5–9* | 13.3 (10.8 to 15.8) | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.3) | 6.6 (5.1 to 8.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.7) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) | 2.3 (1.2 to 3.5) | |
sCHD | <1 | 91.1 (51.8 to 130.5) | 62.5 (32.9 to 92.1) | 18.3 (9.2 to 27.4) | 4.7 (1.0 to 8.4) | 21.8 (9.9 to 33.7) | 0.7 (0.1 to 1.3) | 7.2 (3.3 to 11.2) |
1–4 | 43.9 (34.0 to 53.8) | 20.7 (15.1 to 26.2) | 17.5 (13.1 to 22.0) | 0.5 (0.0 to 0.9) | 5.8 (3.9 to 7.8) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) | 4.1 (2.4 to 5.8) | |
5–9* | 49.0 (38.3 to 59.7) | 12.7 (9.8 to 15.5) | 28.0 (20.6 to 35.4) | 0.2 (0.00 to 0.4) | 6.9 (5.6 to 8.3) | 0.6 (0.0 to 1.4) | 5.6 (2.0 to 9.2) | |
VSD, excluding severe CHD | <1 | 24.4 (11.9 to 36.9) | 19.0 (8.2 to 29.9) | 3.9 (1.1 to 6.6) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.5) | 1.0 (0.4 to 1.7) | 0.5 (0.0 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.1 to 1.7) |
1–4 | 2.9 (1.8 to 3.9) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.1) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.4) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.8) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.5) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.5) | |
5–9* | 1.4 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | – | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | – | 1.3 (0.0 to 3.1) |
Please note that children with more than one major anomaly may be included in more than one congenital anomaly subgroup.
Blank cells (–) reflect too small numbers to report.
CA, congenital anomaly; CHD, congenital heart defect; sCHD, severe Congenital Heart Defect; VSD, ventricular septal defects; VW1, Vaughan Williams class 1; VW2, Vaughan Williams class 2; VW3, Vaughan Williams class 3; VW5, Vaughan Williams class 5.