Table 1

Weighted descriptive statistics for respondents’ characteristics, all and by gender, understanding Society COVID-19 Study and COVID-19 Survey Data

	Understanding Society COVID-19 Study				The COVID-19 Survey Data				Min	Max
	All	Men	Women	T test/χ²	All	Men	Women	T test/χ²
	Mean (SD) /%	Mean (SD) /%	Mean (SD) /%	T test/χ²	Mean (SD) /%	Mean (SD) /%	Mean (SD) /%	T test/χ²
Change in sleep problems	0.13	0.05	0.20	10.02***					-3	3
Change in sleep problems	(0.90)	(0.83)	(0.93)
Change in sleep duration					−0.16	−0.22	−0.10	−4.04***	−7	7
Change in sleep duration					(1.11)	(0.97)	(1.21)
Age	51.69	54.8	51.64	11.57***					17	95
Age	(17.54)	(15.89)	(16.02)
Cohort NCDS					0.5	0.49	0.50	24.08***	0	1
Cohort BCS70					0.35	0.38	0.33	0.90	0	1
Cohort Next Steps					0.15	0.13	0.17	35.27***	0	1
Higher education	0.30	0.31	0.28	15.25***	0.29	0.29	0.29	1.27	0	1
Vocational training	0.12	0.10	0.13	24.68***	0.18	0.19	0.18	3.92*	0	1
A level and equivalent	0.22	0.24	0.20	17.56***	0.36	0.36	0.37	0.14	0	1
General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)/O-level and below	0.36	0.34	0.38	16.68***	0.16	0.16	0.17	0.09	0	1
Change in financial situation	−0.06	−0.02	−0.10	2.62**	1.16	1.17	1.16	0.17	−4	4
Change in financial situation	(0.86)	(0.85)	(0.87)		(1.27)	(1.29)	(1.26)
Life course stage
Young single childless	0.17	0.18	0.15	1.16	0.12	0.15	0.10	2.81	0	1
Young partnered childless	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.08	0.15	0.15	0.15	4.53*	0	1
Partnered younger children	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.15	0.04	0.04	0.05	2.55	0	1
Partnered older children	0.14	0.15	0.14	0.03	0.16	0.17	0.14	2.48	0	1
Single parent	0.12	0.09	0.14	102.40***	0.06	0.02	0.10	123.53***	0	1
Older partnered childless	0.32	0.36	0.29	132.51***	0.30	0.31	0.29	21.05***	0	1
Older single childless	0.17	0.14	0.20	39.77***	0.16	0.15	0.17	1.47	0	1
Employed furloughed	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.56	0.16	0.16	0.17	0.91	0	1
Self-employed	0.07	0.09	0.06	65.57***	0.11	0.14	0.08	60.21***	0	1
Employed not furloughed	0.41	0.40	0.41	16.30***	0.42	0.44	0.41	0.02	0	1
Not in labour force	0.40	0.37	0.42	0.66	0.30	0.26	0.34	22.19***	0	1
Change in employment status
New job	0.05	0.04	0.05	12.20***	0.08	0.05	0.11	80.61***	0	1
No change	0.88	0.88	0.87	4.53*	0.73	0.77	0.70	32.93***	0	1
Lose job	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.02	0.19	0.18	0.19	0.22	0	1
Partner’s employment status
Not in labour force	0.18	0.22	0.15	188.74***	0.21	0.22	0.20	12.57***	0	1
In labour force	0.26	0.30	0.22	80.45***	0.44	0.45	0.43	0.20	0	1
No Partner	0.56	0.48	0.63	365.01***	0.35	0.32	0.37	12.98***	0	1
Key worker	0.27	0.24	0.29	92.84***	0.26	0.25	0.27	15.78***	0	1
Time spent on housework
Lowest quantile	0.38	0.48	0.28	702.52***	0.44	0.55	0.35	230.51***	0	1
Middle quantile	0.36	0.36	0.37	3.20	0.24	0.21	0.27	40.29***	0	1
Highest quantile	0.26	0.16	0.35	676.49***	0.31	0.24	0.38	109.78***	0	1
Race
White	0.94	0.93	0.94	1.01	0.96	0.96	0.96	5.86*	0	1
Mixed	0.01	0.01	0.01	1.78	0.01	0.00	0.01	17.23**	0	1
Asian	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.12	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.05	0	1
Black	0.01	0.01	0.01	6.30*	0.01	0.01	0.01	8.48**	0	1
Physical activity
No exercise	0.32	0.29	0.35	51.00***	0.21	0.19	0.23	16.09***	0	1
Some exercise	0.40	0.44	0.37	62.30***	0.63	0.61	0.64	2.06	0	1
Heavy exercise	0.28	0.28	0.28	2.07	0.17	0.16	0.17	5.35*	0	1
COVID-19 related symptoms	0.12	0.11	0.12	1.79	0.53	0.49	0.55	19.56***	0	1
Change in loneliness	−0.01	−0.04	0.03	−5.67***					−2	2
Change in loneliness	(0.69)	(0.65)	(0.72)
Loneliness
Hardly ever					0.65	0.72	0.59	120.43***	0	1
Some of the time					0.27	0.23	0.32	77.90***	0	1
Often					0.08	0.06	0.10	25.40***	0	1
Change in feeling depressed	0.14	0.06	0.20	−7.63***					−3	3
Change in feeling depressed	(0.94)	(0.88)	(0.99)
Not at all depressed					0.69	0.74	0.64	105.48**	0	1
Several days depressed					0.23	0.19	0.26	79.86***	0	1
Always depressed					0.05	0.04	0.06	10.07**	0	1
Nearly everyday depressed					0.03	0.02	0.04	3.48	0	1
N	14 073	5880	8193		8547	3679	4868

*p<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001