Table 1

Country, type of climates for that country, number of COVID-19 outbreak peaks, distance in days between the two highest peaks, dates of the two highest peaks, dates of the remaining peaks and more frequent clades per peak

CountryClimate typesNumber of peaksDistance between the two highest peaks (days)Dates of the two highest peaks
(more frequent clades)
Dates of the remaining peaks
(more frequent clades)
ArgentinaB/C321421 October 2020 (20B/C/D)
23 May 2021 (20J Gam., 21G Lambda)
11 January 2021 (20B, 20I Alpha, 20 J Gam.)
AustraliaA/B/C34324 August 2020 (20B/C/F)
10 October 2021 (21J Delta)
30 March 2020 (19A/B, 20A/B/C)
AustriaD/E537613 November 2020 (20A)
24 November 2021 (21J Delta)
28 March 2020 (20A/B/C)
1 April 2021 (20I Alpha)
15 September 2021 (21J Delta)
BelgiumC414830 October 2020 (20A/B)
27 March 2021 (20I Alpha)
15 April 2020 (20A/C)
12 August 2020 (20A/C)
BrazilA/C48727 March 2021 (20J Gamma)
22 June 2021 (20J Gamma)
28 July 2020 (20B)
12 January 2021 (20B, 20J Gamma)
CanadaC/D/E4939 January 2021 (20B/C/G)
12 April 2021 (20I Alpha, 20J Gamma)
22 April 2020 (19A, 20B/C)
13 September 2021 (21i/J Delta)
ChileB/C/D65514 April 2021 (20J Gam., 21G Lambda)
8 June 2021 (20J Gam., 21G Lambda)
12 June 2020 (19A, 20B/D)
1 October 2020 (20B/D)
25 January 2021 (20B/D/G, 20I Alpha)
15 November 2021 (21J Delta)
ColombiaA/C415920 January 2021 (19A, 20B/C)
28 June 2021 (21H Mu)
16 August 2020 (20A/B)
2 November 2020 (19A, 20B)
CroatiaC633313 December 2020 (20B)
11 November 2021 (21J Delta)
1 April 2020 (20A)
15 July 2020 (20B)
29 August 2020 (20B)
21 April 2021(20I Alpha)
DenmarkD614518 December 2020 (20B/E)
12 May 2021 (20I Alpha)
8 April 2020 (20A/C)
23 September 2020 (20A/B/E)
16 March 2021 (20I Alpha)
16 August 2021 (21J Delta)
FranceC51617 November 2020 (20A)
17 April 2021 (20I Alpha)
18 April 2020 (19B, 20A)
2 November 2021 (20I Alpha)
16 August 2021 (21J Delta)
GermanyC/D412323 December 2020 (20A/E)
25 April 2021 (20I Alpha)
2 April 2020 (19B, 20 A/C)
10 September 2021 (21J Delta)
HungaryD31133 December 2020 (20A)
26 March 2021 (20A, 20I Alpha)
13 April 2020 (20A)
IndiaA/B/C/D223416 September 2020 (20A/B)
8 May 2021 (21A/J Delta)
IndonesiaA31671 February 2021 (20A/B)
18 July 2021 (21I/J Delta)
26 September 2020 (20A/B)
ItalyB/C512616 November 2020 (19A, 20A)
22 March 2021 (20E)
26 March 2020 (20E, 20I Alpha)
11 January 2021 (20I Alpha)
27 August 2021 (20J Alpha)
JapanA/C/D522611 January 2021 (20B)
25 August 2021 (21J Delta)
15 April 2020 (19B, 20A/B)
9 August 2020 (20B)
14 May 2021 (20I Alpha)
MexicoA/B/C421321 January 2021 (20A/B/C)
22 August 2021 (21I/J Delta)
1 August 2020 (20A/B)
9 October 2020 (20A/B/C)
MoroccoB/C426617 November 2020 (20A/B)
10 August 2021 (21J Delta)
22 April 2020 (20A)
25 June 2020 (20A)
NorwayD/E616722 March 2021 (20I Alpha)
5 September 2021 (21I/J Delta)
29 March 2020 (19A, 20A/B)
23 November 2020 (20A/B/C/E)
10 January 2021 (20A/B/E, 20I Alpha)
26 May 2021 (20I Alpha)
PortugalC57019 November 2020 (20B/E)
28 January 2021 (20E, 20I Alpha)
3 April 2020 (20B)
13 July 2020 (20B)
23 July 2021 (21J Delta)
RussiaD/E431526 December 2020 (20B/C)
6 November 2021 (21J Delta)
12 May 2020 (20/B)
15 July 2021 (21J Delta)
Saudi ArabiaB341220 June 2020 (20A)
6 August 2021 (21I Delta)
2 July 2021 (21I Delta)
South AfricaB/C417811 January 2021 (20A, 20 hours Beta)
8 July 2021 (21I/J Delta)
19 July 2020 (20B/D)
22 August 2021 (21J Delta)
South KoreaC/D74615 August 2021 (21I Delta)
30 September 2021 (21I/J Delta)
4 March 2020 (19B, 20C)
27 August 2020 (20A/C)
25 December 2020 (20C)
20 February 2021 (20C, 20I Alpha, 21D Eta)
23 April 2021 (20A, 20I Alpha)
SpainB/C517426 January 2021 (20E, 20I Alpha)
19 July 2021 (21J Delta)
31 March 2020 (19B, 20A/B)
4 November 2020 (20E)
27 April 2021 (20I Alpha)
SwedenD/E49111 January 2021 (20A/E)
12 April 2021 (20I Alpha)
29 April 2020 (19A, 20B/C)
18 June 2020/ (20B)
TurkeyB/C/D51392 December 2020 (20A/B, 20I Alpha)
20 April 2021 (20I Alpha, 20 hours Beta)
16 April 2020 (20A)
15 August 2021 (21A/J Delta)
15 October 2021 (21J Delta)
UKC61939 January 2021 (20I Alpha)
21 July 2021 (21J Delta)
22 April 2020 (19A, 20D)
16 November 2020 (20B/E)
8 September 2021 (21J Delta)
23 October 2021 (21J Delta)
USAA/B/C/D/E524511 January 2021 (20B/C/G, 21C Epsilon)
13 September 2021 (21J Delta)
10 April 2020 (19A/B, 20B/C)
22 July 2020 (20B/C/G)
14 April 2021 (20I Alpha)
  • The mean distance between the two highest peaks is 190 days (SD 100).