Univariate and multiple logistic regression showing associations with postpartum return to smoking
| Characteristics | All (women who quit smoking in pregnancy and completed FU2) (N=137), N | % Returning to smoking postpartum (N=49), N (row %) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) N=136 |
| Baseline/pregnancy variables | ||||
| Baseline smoking status | ||||
| Current smoker | 21 | 7 (33.3) | 0.88 (0.33 to 2.35) | |
| Ex-smoker | 116 | 42 (36.2) | Reference | |
| Education | ||||
| No qualifications | 7 | 2 (28.6) | Reference | |
| GCSEs or above | 129 | 46 (35.7) | 1.39 (0.26 to 7.43) | |
| Maternal age | ||||
| Continuous—mean (SD) | 27.1 | 26.7 (4.8) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05) | |
| Previous pregnancy | ||||
| No previous pregnancy | 64 | 25 (39.1) | Reference | |
| Previous pregnancy | 72 | 23 (31.9) | 0.73 (0.36 to 1.48) | |
| Confidence in staying smoke free (baseline) | ||||
| Not at all-a little | 18 | 8 (44.4) | Reference | |
| Moderately-extremely | 115 | 38 (33.0) | 0.62 (0.22 to 1.69) | |
| NRT use in pregnancy† | ||||
| Not used NRT | 129 | 47 (36.4) | Reference | |
| Used NRT | 8 | 2 (25.0) | 0.58 (0.11 to 3.00) | |
| Accessed support from SSS in pregnancy† | ||||
| Not accessed support | 128 | 47 (36.7) | Reference | |
| Accessed support | 9 | 2 (22.2) | 0.49 (0.10 to 2.47) | |
| EC use in pregnancy†‡ | ||||
| Never used EC in pregnancy | 95 | 38 (40.0) | Reference | Reference |
| Used EC at some point during pregnancy | 42 | 11 (26.2) | 0.53 (0.24 to 1.19) | 0.34 (0.13–0.85)* |
| Post partum | ||||
| Breast feeding | ||||
| Baby no longer/never breastfed | 90 | 43 (47.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Baby still breastfeeding at 12 weeks post partum | 46 | 5 (10.9) | 0.13 (0.05 to 0.37)** | 0.06 (0.02–0.24)** |
| Household member smoking postpartum | ||||
| No household member smoking | 120 | 39 (32.5) | Reference | |
| Household member smokes | 17 | 10 (58.8) | 2.97 (1.05 to 8.38)* | 11.1 (2.47–50.2)** |
| EC use postpartum‡ | ||||
| Never used EC postpartum | 109 | 38 (34.9) | Reference | |
| Used EC at some point postpartum | 27 | 10 (37.0) | 1.10 (0.46 to 2.64) | |
Variables that do not total 137 are missing.
*P<0.05, **p<0.001.
†Data collated from baseline and FU1.
‡No correlation between EC use in pregnancy and EC use postpartum detected.
EC, electronic cigarette; FU, follow-up; GCSE, general certificate of secondary education; NRT, nicotine replacement therapy; SSS, Stop Smoking Services.