1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Trend p value† | |
Overall | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Opioids and alcohol | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.7) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.0) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.0) | 1.4 (0.9 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.6) | 2.2 (1.6 to 2.9) | 3.0 (2.3 to 3.8) | 2.7 (2.0 to 3.4) | 2.4 (1.8 to 3.1) | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.2) | 2.8 (2.1 to 3.5) | 3.1 (2.4 to 3.9) | 3.0 (2.3 to 3.8) | 2.9 (2.3 to 3.7) | 3.5 (2.8 to 4.3) | 3.2 (2.5 to 4.0) | 4.2 (3.4 to 5.1) | <0.001 |
Opioids and benzodiazepines | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.8) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1) | 2.0 (1.5 to 2.7) | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.7) | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.3) | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.2) | 2.2 (1.6 to 2.9) | 2.9 (2.2 to 3.7) | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | 2.8 (2.1 to 3.5) | 2.9 (2.2 to 3.6) | 3.6 (2.8 to 4.4) | 2.9 (2.2 to 3.6) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.3) | <0.001 |
Opioids and cocaine | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.1) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.9) | 1.4 (0.9 to 1.9) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.4) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.5) | 2.7 (2.1 to 3.4) | 2.9 (2.3 to 3.7) | 0.14 |
Opioids and methamphetamine | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.0) | – | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.9) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.8) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.4) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.1) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2) | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.4) | 2.3 (1.7 to 3.0) | 3.0 (2.3 to 3.7) | 4.6 (3.7 to 5.5) | 4.4 (3.6 to 5.3) | 6.7 (5.6 to 7.7) | 0.001 |
Population count | 1 764 431 | 1 830 341 | 1 857 916 | 1 888 990 | 1 917 057 | 1 946 151 | 1 972 126 | 1 996 129 | 2 016 480 | 2 036 583 | 2 054 468 | 2 067 226 | 2 099 967 | 2 126 296 | 2 151 271 | 2 176 524 | 2 199 588 | 2 222 736 | 2 243 570 | 2 265 155 | 2 285 417 | |
Female | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Opioids and alcohol | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.2) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.6) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.7) | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.5) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.6) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.6) | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.3) | 2.0 (1.3 to 2.9) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.8) | 2.1 (1.4 to 3.0) | 0.01 |
Opioids and benzodiazepines | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.8) | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.5) | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.8) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.7) | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.2) | 2.5 (1.6 to 3.5) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) | 2 (1.2 to 2.9) | 2.7 (1.9 to 3.8) | 3.5 (2.5 to 4.7) | 2.3 (1.5 to 3.2) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.5) | 2.0 (1.3 to 2.9) | 0.01 |
Opioids and cocaine | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.8) | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.4) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) | 2.6 (1.8 to 3.7) | 0.49 |
Opioids and methamphetamine | – | – | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | – | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | – | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.6) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.2) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.4) | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) | 2.0 (1.3 to 3.0) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) | 4.5 (3.4 to 5.8) | 3.4 (2.5 to 4.6) | 6.2 (4.9 to 7.7) | 0.02 |
Population count | 902 815 | 935 494 | 949 825 | 965 851 | 980 999 | 995 787 | 1 009 648 | 1 022 161 | 1 033 040 | 1 043 730 | 1 053 484 | 1 060 368 | 1 076 977 | 1 090 386 | 1 102 971 | 1 115 777 | 1 127 409 | 1 139 704 | 1 150 832 | 1 162 585 | 1 173 309 | |
Male | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Opioids and alcohol | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.0) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.1) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.8) | 1.8 (1.0 to 2.7) | 1.8 (1 to 2.7) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.0) | 2.5 (1.6 to 3.6) | 3.5 (2.5 to 4.8) | 4.3 (3.1 to 5.7) | 3.8 (2.7 to 5.1) | 3.1 (2.1 to 4.3) | 4.1 (2.9 to 5.4) | 3.9 (2.8 to 5.2) | 5.0 (3.7 to 6.4) | 4.6 (3.4 to 5.9) | 3.9 (2.8 to 5.1) | 5.4 (4.1 to 6.9) | 4.5 (3.4 to 5.9) | 6.5 (5.1 to 8.1) | <0.001 |
Opioids and benzodiazepines | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.0) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.2 (0.6 to 1.9) | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.4) | 2.2 (1.3 to 3.2) | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.3) | 2.4 (1.5 to 3.5) | 3.2 (2.2 to 4.4) | 3.3 (2.3 to 4.5) | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.3) | 3.4 (2.4 to 4.6) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.2) | 3.6 (2.5 to 4.8) | 3.0 (2.0 to 4.1) | 3.6 (2.6 to 4.8) | 3.5 (2.5 to 4.7) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.7) | 3.1 (2.2 to 4.3) | <0.001 |
Opioids and cocaine | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.0) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.2 (0.6 to 1.9) | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.0) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 1.0.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.1) | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.6) | 1.8 (1.1 to 2.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.6 to 1.9) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.4) | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.9) | 2.2 (1.4 to 3.2) | 3.7 (2.7 to 4.9) | 3.2 (2.3 to 4.4) | 0.02 |
Opioids and methamphetamine | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.0) | – | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.0) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.5) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.2) | 2.4 (1.5 to 3.4) | 2.6 (1.7 to 3.7) | 3.9 (2.8 to 5.1) | 4.7 (3.5 to 6.0) | 5.4 (4.2 to 6.9) | 7.1 (5.6 to 8.8) | 0.02 |
Population count | 861 616 | 894 847 | 908 091 | 923 139 | 936 058 | 950 364 | 962 478 | 973 968 | 983 440 | 992 853 | 1 000 984 | 1 006 858 | 1 022 990 | 1 035 910 | 1 048 300 | 1 060 747 | 1 072 179 | 1 083 032 | 1 092 738 | 1 102 570 | 1 112 108 |
*Opioids and cocaine (underlying: X40-44, X60-64, X85, Y10-Y14; multiple: T40.0, T40.1, T40.2, T40.3, T40.4, T40.6 and T40.5).
Opioids and benzodiazepines (underlying: X40-44, X60-64, X85, Y10-Y14; multiple: T40.0, T40.1, T40.2, T40.3, T40.4, T40.6 and T42.4).
Opioids and alcohol (underlying: R78.0, X40-45, X60-65, X85, Y10-Y15; multiple: T40.0, T40.1, T40.2, T40.3, T40.4, T40.6 and T51.0, T51.1, T51.9).
*Opioids and methamphetamine (underlying: X40-44, X60-64, X85, Y10-Y14; multiple: T40.0, T40.1, T40.2, T40.3, T40.4, T40.6 and T43.6).
†Non-parametric Jonckheere-Terpstra test for trend.