Characteristics of the study population according to the social distancing intervention
| Total | Before distancing | After distancing | P value | ||||
| Incidence rate | N (%) | Incidence rate | N (%) | Incidence rate | N (%) | ||
| Total injured, ED visits | 9.90 | 924 952 | 11.18 | 522 175 | 8.62 | 402 777 | |
| Age, year | <0.01 | ||||||
| 0~19 | 13.38 | 225 579 (24.4) | 16.65 | 140 377 (26.9) | 10.10 | 85 202 (21.2) | |
| 20~39 | 9.12 | 230 762 (25.0) | 10.00 | 126 502 (24.2) | 8.24 | 104 260 (25.9) | |
| 40~59 | 8.41 | 257 957 (27.9) | 9.25 | 141 925 (27.2) | 7.57 | 116 032 (28.8) | |
| 60~79 | 9.46 | 164 406 (17.8) | 10.20 | 88 643 (17.0) | 8.72 | 75 763 (18.8) | |
| 80~120 | 14.36 | 46 248 (5.0) | 15.36 | 24 728 (4.7) | 13.37 | 21 520 (5.3) | |
| Sex | <0.01 | ||||||
| Male | 11.67 | 544 049 (58.8) | 13.15 | 306 379 (58.7) | 10.20 | 237 670 (59.0) | |
| Female | 8.13 | 380 903 (51.2) | 9.22 | 215 796 (41.3) | 7.05 | 165 107 (41.0) | |
| Place of injury | <0.01 | ||||||
| Home | 0.75 | 69 889 (31.8) | 0.76 | 35 687 (29.8) | 0.73 | 34 202 (34.2) | |
| Traffic area | 0.88 | 82 394 (37.5) | 0.98 | 45 807 (38.2) | 0.78 | 36 587 (36.6) | |
| Distancing target | 0.11 | 10 021 (4.6) | 0.15 | 7082 (5.9) | 0.06 | 2939 (2.9) | |
| Non-distancing | 0.31 | 29 179 (13.3) | 0.34 | 15 687 (13.1) | 0.29 | 13 492 (13.5) | |
| Others | 0.30 | 28 258 (12.9) | 0.33 | 15 566 (13.0) | 0.27 | 12 692 (12.7) | |
| EMS use | 2.35 | 219 741 (23.8) | 2.56 | 119 829 (22.9) | 2.14 | 99 912 (24.8) | <0.01 |
| Initial triage, severe | 0.25 | 23 787 (2.6) | 0.27 | 12 812 (2.5) | 0.23 | 10 975 (2.7) | 0.01 |
| Level of ED, I and II | 6.83 | 638 332 (69.0) | 7.89 | 368 949 (70.7) | 5.77 | 269 383 (66.9) | <0.01 |
| ED disposition | <0.01 | ||||||
| Discharge | 8.21 | 767 366 (83.0) | 9.34 | 436 118 (83.5) | 7.09 | 331 248 (82.2) | |
| Ward admission | 1.31 | 122 500 (13.2) | 1.43 | 66 676 (12.8) | 1.19 | 55 824 (13.9) | |
| Intensive care units | 0.17 | 16 279 (1.8) | 0.18 | 8631 (1.7) | 0.16 | 7648 (1.9) | |
| Transfer out | 0.15 | 14 275 (1.5) | 0.18 | 8265 (1.6) | 0.13 | 6010 (1.5) | |
| Death | 0.01 | 1384 (0.1) | 0.01 | 698 (0.1) | 0.01 | 686 (0.2) | |
| Clinical outcomes | |||||||
| Clinically severe injury | 0.35 | 33 138 (3.6) | 0.38 | 17 746 (3.4) | 0.33 | 15 392 (3.8) | <0.01 |
| In-hospital mortality | 0.04 | 3448 (0.4) | 0.04 | 1819 (0.3) | 0.03 | 1629 (0.4) | 0.10 |
Incidence rate per 100 000 person-days was calculated using the 2019 mid-year population of Census data.
ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical services.