Characteristics of the study population according to the social distancing intervention among patients visiting level I and level II EDs
| Total | Before distancing | After distancing | P value | ||||
| Incidence rate | N (%) | Incidence rate | N (%) | Incidence rate | N (%) | ||
| Total, level I and II EDs | 6.83 | 638 332 | 7.90 | 368 949 | 5.77 | 269 383 | |
| Age, year | <0.01 | ||||||
| 0~19 | 10.25 | 172 942 (27.1) | 12.84 | 108 252 (29.3) | 7.67 | 64 690 (24.0) | |
| 20~39 | 6.19 | 156 645 (24.5) | 6.95 | 87 872 (23.8) | 5.44 | 68 773 (25.5) | |
| 40~59 | 5.48 | 168 144 (26.3) | 6.21 | 95 243 (25.8) | 4.75 | 72 901 (27.1) | |
| 60~79 | 6.26 | 108 882 (17.1) | 6.93 | 60 232 (16.3) | 5.60 | 48 650 (18.1) | |
| 80~120 | 9.85 | 31 719 (5.0) | 10.78 | 17 350 (4.7) | 8.92 | 14 369 (5.3) | |
| Sex | 0.16 | ||||||
| Male | 8.01 | 373 115 (58.5) | 9.27 | 215 929 (58.5) | 6.74 | 157 186 (58.4) | |
| Female | 5.66 | 265 217 (41.5) | 6.54 | 153 020 (41.5) | 4.79 | 112 197 (41.6) | |
| Intentional injury | 0.38 | 35 956 (5.7) | 0.42 | 19 815 (5.4) | 0.35 | 16 141 (6.1) | <0.01 |
| Mechanism of injury | <0.01 | ||||||
| Road traffic injury | 1.19 | 111 295 (17.4) | 1.39 | 64 998 (17.6) | 0.99 | 46 297 (17.2) | |
| Fall | 0.54 | 50 242 (7.9) | 0.61 | 28 349 (7.7) | 0.47 | 21 893 (8.1) | |
| Slip down | 1.39 | 129 928 (20.4) | 1.59 | 74 177 (20.1) | 1.19 | 55 751 (20.7) | |
| Blunt | 1.35 | 125 925 (19.7) | 1.62 | 75 863 (20.6) | 1.07 | 50 062 (18.6) | |
| Penetrating | 0.96 | 89 762 (14.1) | 1.04 | 48 711 (13.2) | 0.88 | 41 051 (15.2) | |
| Others | 1.40 | 131 180 (20.6) | 1.65 | 76 851 (20.8) | 1.16 | 54 329 (20.2) | |
| EMS use | 1.77 | 164 963 (25.9) | 1.95 | 91 331 (24.8) | 1.58 | 73 632 (27.3) | <0.01 |
| Initial triage, severe | 0.22 | 20 863 (3.4) | 0.24 | 11 160 (3.2) | 0.21 | 9703 (3.6) | <0.01 |
| ED disposition | <0.01 | ||||||
| Discharge | 5.71 | 533 324 (83.9) | 6.66 | 310 962 (84.6) | 4.76 | 222 362 (82.9) | |
| Ward admission | 0.82 | 76 879 (12.1) | 0.91 | 42 325 (11.5) | 0.74 | 34 554 (12.9) | |
| Intensive care units | 0.16 | 14 648 (2.3) | 0.17 | 7767 (2.1) | 0.15 | 6881 (2.6) | |
| Transfer out | 0.10 | 9709 (1.5) | 0.12 | 5799 (1.6) | 0.08 | 3910 (1.5) | |
| Death | 0.01 | 1222 (0.2) | 0.01 | 622 (0.2) | 0.01 | 600 (0.2) | |
| Clinical outcomes | |||||||
| Clinically severe injury | 0.31 | 28 717 (29.3) | 0.33 | 15 318 (29.0) | 0.29 | 13 399 (29.6) | 0.03 |
| In-hospital mortality | 0.03 | 3026 (3.3) | 0.03 | 1609 (3.2) | 0.03 | 1417 (3.4) | 0.08 |
Incidence rate per 100 000 person-days was calculated using the 2019 mid-year population of Census data.
ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical services.