Table 3

Significant risk factors for 30-day unplanned hospital readmission predictive models with a development or incremental value design

Health condition groupAll-cause (n=5*)Surgical conditions related (n=17)General medical conditions related (n=6)
Reference64686563615756706773747558†58‡58§597760783153546666**72717655
Location of residence††xx        x     
Health insurancexx      x       
Type of index hospitalx x     xx    x  
Living environment   x                    
Characteristics of primary care providerx              
Age at admission/operation    x                 xx
Sex         x     x        
Race/ethnicity x      x       x      x  
Health service usage prior to index admission‡‡  xx   x        x     xxxx  
Prematurity          x           x 
Comorbidityxxxxxx  xxx xx    xxxxxxx
Illness severity§§xxxx      x x   xxx  
LOS/postoperative LOSxxxx  x   x x   xxx  
Principal diagnosesxx      x     xx  
Principal proceduresx   x xxx xx xx  
Inpatient complicationsxx xx   xxx  x   
(Specific) medication at index admissionx            xx  
Length of operationx       xx      
Wound contamination before operationx       x      
The ASA classx     x x   x  
Discharge on Friday or weekendx              
Discharge disposition      xx     x  
Discharge with increased medication/further treatmentx              
Admission on Friday    x                   
Surgical location         x              

  • x=risk factor (OR/hazard ratio>1).

  • *The six predictive models of Zhou et al22 are not included in this analysis due to missing information about ORs. See online supplemental table A6 in the online supplemental material for a list of included variables.

  • †Model for idiopathic scoliosis.

  • ‡Model for progressive infantile scoliosis.

  • §Model for scoliosis due to other conditions.

  • ¶Admission model.

  • **Discharge model.

  • ††Social determinants of health are included (eg, median household income).

  • ‡‡Risk factor category includes, for example, the number of previous emergency department visits or hospitalisations.

  • §§The risk factor category also captures the urgency of the index admission. The risk factor category includes, for example, PICU or emergency department admission.

  • ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; LOS, length of stay; PICU, paediatric intensive care unit; postoperative LOS, postoperative length of stay.