Multivariable logistic regression model for the association between subjects’ characteristics and SHS exposure at workplace among non-smoking employees (n=8196)
| SHS exposure | ||||
| At least once a week | At least several times a week | |||
| Cigarettes | HTPs | Cigarettes | HTPs | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Workplace smoke-free policy | ||||
| Complete smoking bans | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Partial smoking bans with no longer available smoking spaces | 2.06 (1.60 to 2.65) | 4.15 (3.22 to 5.34) | 1.43 (1.04 to 1.97) | 3.23 (2.37 to 4.39) |
| Partial smoking bans with still available smoking spaces | 1.92 (1.63 to 2.25) | 2.24 (1.86 to 2.71) | 1.85 (1.54 to 2.23) | 2.03 (1.62 to 2.54) |
| No smoking bans | 5.33 (4.10 to 6.93) | 3.88 (2.86 to 5.26) | 5.15 (3.90 to 6.8) | 4.22 (3.03 to 5.89) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.65 (1.42 to 1.91) | 1.77 (1.47 to 2.13) | 1.50 (1.26 to 1.79) | 1.72 (1.38 to 2.14) |
| Female | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 15–29 | 2.20 (1.62 to 2.99) | 2.80 (1.89 to 4.15) | 1.86 (1.30 to 2.65) | 1.98 (1.24 to 3.16) |
| 30–49 | 1.74 (1.33 to 2.26) | 2.11 (1.49 to 2.99) | 1.56 (1.15 to 2.12) | 1.91 (1.27 to 2.87) |
| 50–64 | 1.31 (1.00 to 1.72) | 1.62 (1.13 to 2.32) | 1.22 (0.89 to 1.67) | 1.44 (0.95 to 2.2) |
| 65–79 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Never married | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.25) | 1.03 (0.85 to 1.23) | 1.12 (0.93 to 1.34) | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.3) |
| Widowed/Divorced | 1.30 (1.03 to 1.65) | 1.25 (0.93 to 1.68) | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.66) | 1.29 (0.92 to 1.81) |
| Educational level | ||||
| High school or below | 2.02 (1.72 to 2.36) | 1.74 (1.43 to 2.11) | 2.30 (1.92 to 2.76) | 2.14 (1.71 to 2.69) |
| College | 1.33 (1.12 to 1.59) | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.61) | 1.43 (1.16 to 1.76) | 1.55 (1.20 to 1.99) |
| 4-year university or above | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Equivalent household income | ||||
| <2.75 million JPY | 1.35 (1.12 to 1.63) | 1.32 (1.06 to 1.65) | 1.73 (1.38 to 2.15) | 1.62 (1.23 to 2.12) |
| 2.75–4.5 million JPY | 1.18 (0.99 to 1.39) | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.35) | 1.33 (1.08 to 1.64) | 1.26 (0.98 to 1.62) |
| >4.5 million JPY | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Did not know/Did not want to answer | 1.18 (0.95 to 1.48) | 1.10 (0.84 to 1.45) | 1.57 (1.21 to 2.03) | 1.47 (1.07 to 2.03) |
| Regional infection status of COVID-19 | ||||
| Low | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Middle | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.12) | 1.01 (0.83 to 1.21) | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.06) | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.18) |
| High | 0.90 (0.77 to 1.05) | 0.94 (0.78 to 1.14) | 0.89 (0.75 to 1.07) | 0.89 (0.71 to 1.11) |
| Recognition of the adverse health effects of SHS exposure | ||||
| No | 1.31 (1.09 to 1.58) | 1.77 (1.43 to 2.18) | 1.43 (1.15 to 1.77) | 1.67 (1.30 to 2.14) |
| Neither yes nor no | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.31) | 1.31 (1.08 to 1.59) | 1.13 (0.93 to 1.36) | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.5) |
| Yes | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Self-rated health status | ||||
| Good | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Normal | 1.13 (0.98 to 1.3) | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.26) | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.26) | 1.13 (0.92 to 1.38) |
| Bad | 1.41 (1.17 to 1.7) | 1.52 (1.22 to 1.9) | 1.33 (1.07 to 1.66) | 1.50 (1.16 to 1.96) |
| Employment pattern | ||||
| Permanent employee | 1.86 (1.41 to 2.44) | 1.51 (1.09 to 2.1) | 1.91 (1.39 to 2.63) | 1.72 (1.17 to 2.53) |
| Company executive | 2.06 (1.42 to 2.99) | 1.95 (1.27 to 3) | 2.23 (1.45 to 3.44) | 1.99 (1.19 to 3.33) |
| Temporary employee | 1.23 (0.87 to 1.73) | 0.98 (0.64 to 1.49) | 1.13 (0.75 to 1.70) | 0.92 (0.55 to 1.53) |
| Part-time employee | 1.35 (0.99 to 1.83) | 1.09 (0.75 to 1.58) | 1.22 (0.85 to 1.74) | 1.05 (0.67 to 1.64) |
| Self-employed | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Labour type | ||||
| Manual labour | 1.46 (1.27 to 1.69) | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.52) | 1.40 (1.19 to 1.65) | 1.13 (0.92 to 1.4) |
| Non-manual labour | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
HTPs, heated tobacco products; JPY, Japanese yen; SHS, secondhand smoke.