Table 2

Participants’ characteristics with or without usual source of primary care

CharacteristicTotalHas usual source of primary careNo usual source of primary care
(N=1757)(n=1011)(n=746)
Age, mean (SD), years50.1 (15.1)53.1 (15.1)45.9 (14.1)
Gender, n (%)
 Female898 (51.1)545 (53.9)353 (47.3)
Marital status, n (%)
 Married1333 (75.9)784 (77.5)549 (73.6)
 Widowed65 (3.7)45 (4.5)20 (2.7)
 Annulled, divorced, separated89 (5.1)55 (5.4)34 (4.6)
 Never married269 (15.3)127 (12.6)142 (19.0)
 Data missing1 (0.1)0 (0.0)1 (0.1)
Education, n (%)
 Less than high school57 (3.2)37 (3.7)20 (2.7)
 High school584 (33.2)348 (34.4)236 (31.6)
 Junior college484 (27.5)279 (27.6)205 (27.5)
 More than or equal to college590 (33.6)323 (31.9)267 (35.8)
 Data missing42 (2.4)24 (2.4)18 (2.4)
Employment status, n (%)
 Full-time employee691 (39.3)347 (34.3)344 (46.1)
 Part-time employee387 (22.0)231 (22.8)156 (20.9)
 Self-employee227 (12.9)132 (13.1)95 (12.7)
 Unemployed451 (25.7)300 (29.7)151 (20.2)
 Data missing1 (0.1)1 (0.1)0 (0.0)
Annual household income, n (%), million JPY
 <3.00 (≒US$27 000)288 (16.4)170 (16.8)118 (15.8)
 3.00–4.99532 (30.3)332 (32.8)200 (26.8)
 5.00–6.99435 (24.8)256 (25.3)179 (24.0)
 7.00–9.99312 (17.8)167 (16.5)145 (19.4)
 10.00170 (9.7)76 (7.5)94 (12.6)
 Data missing20 (1.1)10 (1.0)10 (1.3)
Currently smoke, n (%)265 (15.1)148 (14.6)117 (15.7)
 Data missing5 (0.3)5 (0.5)0 (0.0)
BMI, mean (SD)22.9 (3.7)23.2 (3.6)22.6 (3.7)
 Data missing, n (%)10 (0.6)8 (0.8)2 (0.3)
CCHL, mean (SD)3.5 (0.7)3.5 (0.7)3.5 (0.7)
 Data missing, n (%)8 (0.5)3 (0.3)5 (0.7)
Number of chronic conditions, n (%)
 0794 (45.2)324 (32.0)470 (63.0)
 1454 (25.8)297 (29.4)157 (21.0)
 ≥2438 (24.9)349 (34.5)89 (11.9)
 Data missing71 (4.0)41 (4.1)30 (4.0)
EQ-5D-5L, mean (SD)0.89 (0.08)0.88 (0.09)0.90 (0.07)
 Data missing, n (%)7 (0.4)2 (0.2)5 (0.7)
  • BMI, body mass index; CCHL, Communicative and Critical Health Literacy; EQ-5D-5L, five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire.