Two models showing predictors of first fracture hospital admission among patients with mood (affective) disorders
| Characteristics | Model 1 (n=20 936) | Model 2 (n=22 322) | ||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age at the time of mood (affective) disorder diagnosis | ||||
| 18–34 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 35–49 | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.57) | 0.03 | 1.27 (1.03 to 1.55) | 0.02 |
| 50–64 | 2.31 (1.85 to 2.88) | <0.001 | 2.28 (1.85 to 2.81) | <0.001 |
| 65–79 | 5.75 (4.65 to 7.11) | <0.001 | 5.55 (4.54 to 6.77) | <0.001 |
| 80 and over | 7.46 (5.90 to 9.45) | <0.001 | 7.37 (5.93 to 9.16) | <0.001 |
| Female gender | 1.21 (1.08 to 1.36) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.03 to 1.29) | 0.01 |
| Non-European ethnicity | 0.59 (0.51 to 0.68) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.51 to 0.67) | <0.001 |
| Deprivation quintile (IMD 2015) | ||||
| Least deprived quintile | Ref | |||
| 2nd least deprived quintile | 1.07 (0.91 to 1.28) | 0.41 | ||
| 3rd most deprived quintile | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.32) | 0.23 | ||
| 2nd most deprived quintile | 1.17 (0.99 to 1.39) | 0.07 | ||
| Most deprived quintile | 1.00 (0.85 to 1.19) | 0.96 | ||
| Medication prescribed (within 1 year before or after diagnosis of mood (affective) disorders) | ||||
| Anticholinergics received | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.26) | 0.76 | ||
| Antihypertensives received | 0.76 (0.65 to 0.91) | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.70 to 0.92) | <0.001 |
| Antidepressants received | 1.08 (0.91 to 1.28) | 0.37 | ||
| Analgesics received | 1.28 (1.08 to 1.52) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.17 to 1.51) | <0.001 |
| Increase in one type of polypharmacy | 1.01 (0.93 to 1.11) | 0.75 | ||
| Presence of other psychiatric conditions (within 1 year before or after diagnosis of mood (affective) disorders) | ||||
| F00–F03 (dementia) | 1.14 (0.96 to 1.41) | 0.12 | ||
| F20–F29 (schizophrenia spectrum disorder) | 1.11 (0.91 to 1.38) | 0.3 | ||
| F30–F31 (bipolar affective disorder) | 0.81 (0.67 to 0.98) | 0.03 | 0.80 (0.68 to 0.95) | 0.01 |
| F40–F48 (neurotic to stress-related and somatoform disorders) | 0.82 (0.68 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.83 (0.70 to 0.99) | 0.04 |
| One unit increase in HoNOS | ||||
| Cognitive problems | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.19) | 0.83 | ||
| Physical illness | 1.36 (1.19 to 1.56) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.31 to 1.67) | <0.001 |
| Hallucinations | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.10) | 0.34 | ||
| Depressed mood | 0.83 (0.72 to 0.94) | 0.01 | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.00) | 0.05 |
| Relationship problems | 0.89 (0.77 to 1.02) | 0.1 | ||
| Daily living problems | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.29) | 0.11 | ||
| Occupational problems | 0.91 (0.79 to 1.04) | 0.15 | ||
| Admitted to general hospital (within 1 year before or after diagnosis of mood (affective) disorders) | ||||
| Ischaemia+CHD+IHD | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.22) | 0.88 | ||
| Arrhythmia+AF | 1.03 (0.86 to 1.23) | 0.78 | ||
| Heart failure | 1.44 (1.12 to 1.86) | 0.01 | 1.43 (1.14 to 1.80) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1.22 (1.04 to 1.44) | 0.02 | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.44) | <0.001 |
| Hypotension | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.48) | 0.17 | ||
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 0.85 (0.71 to 1.03) | 0.1 | ||
| Hypertension | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.23) | 0.53 | ||
| Urinary tract infections | 1.49 (1.28 to 1.74) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.32 to 1.75) | <0.001 |
| Osteoporosis | 7.31 (5.82 to 9.18) | <0.001 | 7.00 (5.65 to 8.70) | <0.001 |
| Visual disturbance and blindness | 1.06 (0.74 to 1.53) | 0.74 | ||
| Hearing loss | 1.40 (1.03 to 1.92) | 0.03 | 1.46 (1.09 to 1.96) | 0.01 |
| Syncope or collapse | 1.18 (1.02 to 1.36) | 0.03 | ||
| Parkinson’s disease | 0.85 (0.58 to 1.25) | 0.41 | ||
| Falls before mood (affective) disorder diagnosis | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.22) | 0.83 | ||
| Fractures before mood (affective) disorder diagnosis | 1.26 (1.01 to 1.57) | 0.04 | 1.33 (1.10 to 1.63) | <0.001 |
| Increase in one attendance to A&E following mood (affective) disorder diagnosis | 1.01 (1.01 to 1.01) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.01 to 1.01) | <0.001 |
Factors with a p value < 0.05 are marked in bold
A&E, accident and emergency services; AF, atrial fibrillation; CHD, coronary heart disease; HoNOS, Health of the Nation Outcome Scales; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.