Table 1

Baseline cohort characteristics by sex for all patients ≥40 years old diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) within the study time period, and those with an existing diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), defined as ischaemic heart disease, stroke or heart failure

PADPAD with existing CVD
Female (n=13 343)Male (n=24 963)Female (n=3509)Male (n=8551)
Age (IQR)76.0 (67.0–83.0)73.0 (66.0–80.0)78.0 (70.0–84.0)75.0 (68.0–82.0)
Age categories (%)
 41–50353 (2.6)468 (1.9)32 (0.9)57 (0.7)
 51–601107 (8.3)2351 (9.4)195 (5.6)492 (5.8)
 61–702709 (20.3)7027 (28.1)579 (16.5)1967 (23.0)
 71–804170 (31.3)8732 (35.0)1140 (32.5)3217 (37.6)
 81<5004 (37.5)6385 (25.6)1563 (44.5)2818 (33.0)
Townsend (%)
 1 (least deprived)1809 (13.6)3835 (15.4)406 (11.6)1342 (15.7)
 22226 (16.7)4402 (17.6)572 (16.3)1457 (17.0)
 32442 (18.3)4742 (19.0)674 (19.2)1634 (19.1)
 42759 (20.7)4522 (18.1)724 (20.6)1562 (18.3)
 5 (most deprived)2157 (16.2)3768 (15.1)617 (17.6)1274 (14.9)
 Missing1950 (14.6)3694 (14.8)516 (14.7)1282 (15.0)
BMI (IQR)26.0 (22.0–30.0)27.0 (24.0–30.0)26.0 (23.0–30.0)27.0 (24.0–30.0)
BMI categories (%)
 Underweight (<18.5)599 (4.5)417 (1.7)146 (4.2)112 (1.3)
 Normal weight (18.5–25)4531 (34.0)6821 (27.3)1111 (31.7)2171 (25.4)
 Overweight (25–30)4157 (31.2)9868 (39.5)1138 (32.4)3477 (40.7)
 Obese class 1 (30–35)2232 (16.7)5016 (20.1)640 (18.2)1872 (21.9)
 Obese class 2/3 (>35)1330 (10.0)1959 (7.8)365 (10.4)721 (8.4)
 Missing494 (3.7)882 (3.5)109 (3.1)198 (2.3)
Smoker categories (%)
 Non-smoker4499 (33.7)5228 (20.9)1269 (36.2)1881 (22.0)
 Discontinued5362 (40.2)13 070 (52.4)1464 (41.7)4904 (57.4)
 Smoker3468 (26.0)6640 (26.6)774 (22.1)1760 (20.6)
 Missing14 (0.1)25 (0.1)(n<5)6 (0.1)
Chronic kidney disease stages (%)
 Stage 1 (>90 mL/min)1604 (12.0)4323 (17.3)283 (8.1)943 (11.0)
 Stage 2 (60–89 mL/min)6425 (48.2)12 416 (49.7)1542 (43.9)4137 (48.4)
 Stage 3 (45–59 mL/min)4383 (32.8)6786 (27.2)1365 (38.9)2936 (34.3)
 Stage 4 (15–29 mL/min)676 (5.1)863 (3.5)265 (7.6)393 (4.6)
 Stage 5 (<15 mL/min)77 (0.6)194 (0.8)30 (0.9)95 (1.1)
 Missing178 (1.3)381 (1.5)24 (0.7)47 (0.5)
Charlson Comorbidity Index (%)
 03245 (24.3)5681 (22.8)730 (20.8)1837 (21.5)
 12383 (17.9)4433 (17.8)754 (21.5)1826 (21.4)
 22016 (15.1)3846 (15.4)623 (17.8)1476 (17.3)
 31194 (8.9)2339 (9.4)488 (13.9)1199 (14.0)
 41345 (10.1)2987 (12.0)654 (18.6)1667 (19.5)
 5 or more1345 (10.1)2987 (12.0)654 (18.6)1667 (19.5)
 1-year mortality1019 (7.6)1656 (6.6)350 (10.0)705 (8.2)
Medical conditions (%)
 Diabetes (insulin and non-insulin dependent)3670 (27.5)7874 (31.5)1223 (34.9)3183 (37.2)
 Hypertension8582 (64.3)14 945 (59.9)2463 (70.2)5382 (62.9)
 Stroke and TIA2542 (19.1)4595 (18.4)1556 (44.3)3070 (35.9)
 Ischaemic heart disease3752 (28.1)9536 (38.2)2520 (71.8)6989 (81.7)
 Heart failure1049 (7.9)2524 (10.1)631 (18.0)1733 (20.3)
 Atrial fibrillation1705 (12.8)3770 (15.1)705 (20.1)1916 (22.4)
Drugs-recent prescriptions (within 3 months) (%)
 Statins9064 (67.9)18 729 (75.0)2701 (77.0)7250 (84.8)
 Clopidogrel2163 (16.2)4184 (16.8)746 (21.3)1839 (21.5)
 Aspirin6176 (46.3)12 373 (49.6)1852 (52.8)4830 (56.5)
 Anticoagulation1649 (12.4)3404 (13.6)598 (17.0)1658 (19.4)
 Alpha adrenoceptor blockers767 (5.7)1617 (6.5)206 (5.9)552 (6.5)
 ACE inhibitors4030 (30.2)9756 (39.1)1308 (37.3)4188 (49.0)
 Angiotensin receptor blockers2139 (16.0)3348 (13.4)666 (19.0)1427 (16.7)
 Beta blockers3903 (29.3)8246 (33.0)1695 (48.3)4551 (53.2)
 Calcium channel blockers4491 (33.7)8416 (33.7)1287 (36.7)2957 (34.6)
 Diuretic4637 (34.8)6880 (27.6)1516 (43.2)3076 (36.0)
 Renin inhibitors(n<5)(n<5)(n<5)
Surgery (%)
 Previous lower limb bypass1510 (11.3)3161 (12.7)338 (9.6)889 (10.4)
  • ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; BMI, body mass index; Min, minutes; mL, millilitres; TIA, Transient ischaemic attack.