Medication classes and specific drugs implicated in drug-related hospitalisation (DRH) in the emergency ward at TASH, ZMH and Y12HMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, August–September 2020 (n=245)
| Drug class | Specific drugs | n (%) |
| Cardiovascular drugs | ||
| Atorvastatin | 31 (12.7) | |
| Antiplatelets (aspirin, clopidogrel) | 24 (9.8) | |
| Furosemide | 59 (24.1) | |
| Spironolactone | 33 (13.5) | |
| Anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) | 20 (8.2) | |
| Beta-blockers (metoprolol, atenolol) | 21 (8.6) | |
| Digoxin | 15 (6.1) | |
| ACE inhibitors (enalapril/lisinopril) | 48 (19.6) | |
| Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, amlodipine) | 34 (13.9) | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 11 (4.5) | |
| Drugs for the respiratory system | ||
| Long-acting beta-blockers | 15 (6.1) | |
| Bronchodilator | 10 (4.1) | |
| Central nervous system drugs | ||
| Antiepileptics | 5 (2) | |
| Antipsychotics | 5 (2) | |
| Amitriptylin | 2 (0.8) | |
| Antimicrobial drugs | ||
| Antibiotics (piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavunicacid, ceftriaxone, benzathine penicillin) | 25 (10.2) | |
| Combination of antiretroviral therapy | 15 (6.1) | |
| Anti-tuberculosis | 13 (5.3) | |
| Antineoplastic agents | Cyclophosphamide, imatinib, methotrexate, doxorubicin | 23 (9.4) |
| Immunosuppressants | ||
| Mycophenolate | 1(.4) | |
| Corticosteroids (prednisolone, budesonide) | 9 (3.7) | |
| Endocrine drugs | ||
| Oral hypoglycaemic drugs (metformin, glibenclamide) | 37 (15.1) | |
| Insulin | 24 (9.8) | |
| Propylthiouracil | 4 (1.6) | |
| Gastrointestinal drug | Proton pump inhibitors | 7 (2.9) |
| Others | Potassium chloride | 1 (0.4) |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 3 (1.2) | |
| Opioids | 1 (0.4) | |
| Others | ||
| Ferrous sulfate | 1 (0.4) | |
| Total number of medications involved in DRH | 497 | |
| Total number of drug-related hospitalised participants | 245 (57.9) | |
| Average number of medications per drug-related hospitalised patient | 2.03 | |
TASH, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital; Y12HMC, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College; ZMH, Zewditu Memorial Hospital.