Sociodemographic characteristics of study participants
| Total, n (%) | Male, n (%) | Female, n (%) | P values, male vs female | |
| Response method | 0.87 | |||
| Online questionnaire | 1424 (92.9) | 924 (92.8) | 499 (93.1) | |
| Paper questionnaire | 108 (7.1) | 71 (7.2) | 37 (6.9) | |
| Age in years | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 63.9 (5.9) | 64.2 (5.9) | 63.5 (6.0) | 0.04 |
| Range | 40–88 | 40–86 | 42–88 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 536 (35.0) | – | ||
| Male | 995 (64.9) | – | ||
| MTF | 1 (0.06) | – | ||
| Current height in cm | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 170.7 (9.9) | 175.4 (7.8) | 162.0 (7.2) | <0.001 |
| Range | 124–200 | 150–200 | 124–178 | |
| Current weight in kg | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 80.8 (16.9) | 85.5 (15.3) | 72.3 (16.5) | <0.001 |
| Range | 40–164 | 45–164 | 40–140 | |
| Current BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 27.6 (5.3) | 27.7 (4.8) | 27.5 (6.0) | 0.29 |
| Range | 16.6–55.1 | 17.5–50.7 | 16.6–55.1 | |
| Have children | 1338 (87.3) | 870 (84.4) | 467 (87.1) | 0.86 |
| Marital status | <0.001 | |||
| Single/never married | 66 (4.3) | 45 (4.5) | 21 (3.9) | |
| Married/de facto relationship | 1245 (81.3) | 848 (85.3) | 396 (74.0) | |
| Separated/divorced | 145 (9.5) | 70 (7.0) | 75 (14.0) | |
| Widowed | 48 (3.1) | 17 (1.7) | 31 (5.7) | |
| In a relationship but not living together | 26 (1.7) | 13 (1.3) | 13 (2.4) | |
| Other | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.73 | |||
| European | 1397 (91.6) | 910 (91.5) | 486 (90.7) | |
| East Asian | 40 (2.6) | 23 (2.4) | 17 (3.2) | |
| Indigenous Australian/Torres Strait Islander | 12 (0.8) | 8 (0.7) | 4 (0.7) | |
| African | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| South Asian | 26 (1.7) | 14 (1.4) | 12 (2.2) | |
| Pacific Islander | 9 (0.6) | 6 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | |
| Hispanics | 5 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Mixed | 21 (1.4) | 16 (1.7) | 5 (0.9) | |
| Other | 13 (0.8) | 8 (0.7) | 5 (0.9) | |
| Information not provided | 7 (0.4) | 4 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | |
| Education | 0.02 | |||
| Junior high school or less | 348 (22.7) | 218 (21.9) | 130 (24.3) | |
| Senior high school | 276 (18.0) | 184 (18.5) | 92 (17.3) | |
| Certificate III/IV | 196 (12.8) | 124 (12.5) | 72 (13.4) | |
| Diploma | 190 (12.4) | 128 (12.8) | 62 (11.6) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 235 (15.3) | 163 (16.4) | 71 (13.3) | |
| Graduate diploma or certificate | 134 (8.7) | 77 (7.7) | 57 (10.6) | |
| Postgraduate | 148 (9.7) | 97 (9.7) | 51 (9.5) | |
| Information not provided | 5 (0.3) | 5 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Hand preference | 0.78 | |||
| Left hand | 156 (10.2) | 103 (10.4) | 53 (9.9) | |
| Right hand | 1323 (86.5) | 856 (86.1) | 467 (87.3) | |
| Both hands | 50 (3.3) | 34 (3.4) | 15 (2.8) | |
| Not sure | 1 (0.06) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Chronotype | <0.001 | |||
| Morning-type person | 800 (52.3) | 518 (52.2) | 282 (52.6) | |
| Evening-type person | 376 (24.6) | 212 (21.3) | 163 (30.4) | |
| Neither | 355 (23.2) | 264 (26.5) | 91 (17.0) | |
| Information not provided | 1 (0.06) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Consider themselves spiritual or religious | 599 (39.1) | 347 (34.9) | 251 (46.8) | <0.001 |
| Information not provided | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Diet type | 0.004 | |||
| Vegan | 8 (0.5) | 7 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Vegetarian | 42 (2.7) | 18 (1.8) | 22 (4.1) | |
| Speak more than one language | 228 (14.9) | 147 (14.8) | 81 (15.1) | 0.88 |
| Information not provided | 1 (0.06) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
P values were calculated using a t-test for comparing mean values or a χ2 test for comparing frequencies; sample n=1532.
BMI, body mass index; MTF, male-to-female transgender person.