Behavioural and biological characteristics of the participants
| Variables | Characteristics (N=12 557) | N | % (95% CI) |
| Smoking habit | Smokers | 3955 | 31.9 (30.3 to 33.5) |
| Non-smoker | 8602 | 68.1 (66.5 to 69.7) | |
| Users of smokeless tobacco products | Users | 3087 | 25.4 (24.1 to 26.8) |
| Non-users | 9470 | 74.6 (73.3 to 75.9) | |
| Users of either smoke or smokeless tobacco products | Users | 1609 | 13.1 (12.2 to 14.1) |
| Non-users | 10 948 | 86.9 (86.0 to 87.8) | |
| Alcohol consumption | Yes | 3115 | 24.6 (22.98 to 26.3) |
| No | 9442 | 75.4 (73.7 to 77.02) | |
| Blood pressure | Raised | 4504 | 36.9 (35.4 to 38.5) |
| Normal | 8053 | 63.1 (61.6 to 64.6) | |
| Body mass index (N=12 556) | Underweight | 1534 | 12.3 (11.3 to 13.4) |
| Normal | 7156 | 57.0 (55.6 to 58.5) | |
| Overweight and obese | 3866 | 30.7 (28.9 to 32.5) | |
| Increased waist hip ratio (N=11 997) | Increased | 6896 | 55.3 (53.9 to 56.7) |
| Normal | 5101 | 44.7 (43.4 to 46.1) | |
| Total cholesterol (N=10 861) | Raised | 3120 | 28.8 (27.3 to 30.4) |
| Normal | 7741 | 71.2 (69.6 to 72.7) | |
| Triglyceride (N=10 986) | Raised | 3862 | 35.7 (34.2 to 37.2) |
| Normal | 7124 | 64.3 (62.8 to 65.9) |