Logistic regression models III and IV results estimating levels of BPCR using confounders: ORs and associated 95% CI
| Serial number | Explanatory variable name | Model III | Model IV |
| OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | ||
| 1. | Level of HH MF exposure | ||
| 1. HH in a village with no programme intervention (pure control) | Reference | Reference | |
| 2. Non-member HH in a village with SHG or SHG plus health intervention | 0.69*** (0.61 to 0.78) | 0.70*** (0.62 to 0.78) | |
| 3. SHG member HH in a village with SHG only intervention | 1.13* (0.98 to 1.30) | 1.14* (0.99 to 1.31) | |
| 4. SHG plus health member HH in a village with SHG plus health intervention | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.11) | 0.98 (0.85 to 1.12) | |
| 2 | Round:(Round 1) | Reference | Reference |
| Round 2 | 0.24*** (0.21 to 0.28) | 0.24*** (0.20 to 0.27) | |
| 3. | Two-way interaction effects (round # SHG exposure) (Round 1# Non-MF HH in pure control village) | Reference | Reference |
| Round 2 # Non-MF HH in village with MF or MF plus health | 1.72*** (1.45 to 2.04) | 1.72*** (1.45 to 2.04) | |
| Round 2 MF-HH in village with MF only | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.33) | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.33) | |
| Round 2 MF plus health HH in village with MF plus health | 2.20*** (1.82 to 2.67) | 2.20*** (1.81 to 2.66) | |
| Model III using individual health and health system confounders | |||
| 4. | Parity (number of previous pregnancies) of EW | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) |
| 5. | Any past pregnancy loss (due to spontaneous/induced abortion) : (no previous pregnancy loss) | Reference | Reference |
| Previous pregnancy loss | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.05) | |
| 6. | Any complication experienced in last pregnancy/labour or postpartum:(no complication experienced) | Reference | Reference |
| Complication experienced | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.01) | |
| 7. | EW’s knowledge of the minimum number of ANC required during pregnancy: (incorrect knowledge) | Reference | Reference |
| Correct knowledge | 1.07** (1.00 to 1.14) | 1.06* (0.99 to 1.13) | |
| 8. | Received four or more ANC in last pregnancy (with urine/blood pressure /weight/abdominal/ultrasound tested in last ANC): (not received) | Reference | Reference |
| Received four ANC with all tests done in last ANC | 0.92 (0.85 to 1.01) | 0.91** (0.82 to 0.99) | |
| 9. | Place of last delivery: (home delivery) | Reference | Reference |
| Institutional delivery | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.11) | 0.92 (0.79 to 1.08) | |
| 10. | Duration (in hours) of stay in health facility immediately after delivery:(home delivery) | Reference | Reference |
| Discharged within 12 hours | 1.14* (0.98 to 1.31) | 1.15** (0.99 to 1.33) | |
| Discharged between 12 and 24 hours | 1.09 (0.92 to 1.29) | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.30) | |
| Discharged between 24 and 48 hours | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.17) | 0.99 (0.83 to 1.18) | |
| Discharged between 48 and 72 hours | 1.02 (0.81 to 1.29) | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.32) | |
| Discharged after >72 hours | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 11. | Received three PNC in first 7 days after delivery: (Not received any PNC or received after 7 days) | Reference | Reference |
| Received three PNC in first 7 days after delivery | 1.06 (0.95 to 1.19) | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.18) | |
| 12. | Number of contacts with ASHA/ANM/AWW/SHG in last pregnancy | 0.99 (0.99 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) |
| 13. | Distance to primary health centre if not available in the village | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.99 (0.99 to 1.00) |
| Model IV using socio-demographic/economic and area-level confounders | |||
| 14. | Village distance (kilometres) to closest town | ---- | 0.99 (1.03 to 1.13) |
| 15. | Population of village | ---- | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) |
| 16. | HH with BPL card: (no—HH does not have BPL card) | ---- | Reference |
| Yes—HH has BPL card | ---- | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08) | |
| 17. | Household wealth quintile (poor to poorest) | ||
| 1. Marginally poor | ---- | Reference | |
| 2. Moderately poor | ---- | 1.11** (1.00 to 1.22) | |
| 3. Poor | ---- | 1.00 (0.90 to 1.10) | |
| 4. Poorer | ---- | 0.91* (0.81 to 1.01) | |
| 5. Poorest | ---- | 0.87** (0.77 to 0.97) | |
| 18. | EW presently working to earn cash, in-kind or both: (not working) | ---- | Reference |
| Currently working | ---- | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.09) | |
| 19. | Family type: (nuclear) | ---- | Reference |
| Joint and extended | ---- | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.13) | |
| 20. | Religion: (Muslim) | ---- | Reference |
| Hinduism and others | ---- | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.19) | |
| 21. | Scheduled caste:(general caste) | ---- | Reference |
| Other backward castes | ---- | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.07) | |
| Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe | ---- | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.08) | |
| 22. | EW age in completed years | ---- | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
| 23. | EW education level:(no schooling) | ---- | Reference |
| Completed primary/middle school (up to year 9) and above | ---- | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | |
| 24. | EW’s husband education level: (no schooling) | ---- | Reference |
| Completed primary school/middle school (up to year 9) and above | ---- | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.17) | |
| Estimation of model fit | Model III | Model IV | |
| Log likelihood | −11 354 | −11 334 | |
| Number of observations | 17 244 | 17 244 | |
| AIC/BIC | 22 750/22 914 | 22,741/23 021 | |
CI in parentheses; significant p-value shown as ***: p<0.01, **: p<0.05 and *: p<0.10. Log-likelihood and AIC/BIC values are also reported.
AIC (Akaike’s Information Criteria) and BIC (Bayesian Information Criteria) are used as model selection criteria.
ANC, antenatal check-up; BPCR, birth preparedness and complication readiness; BPL, below poverty line; EW, eligible woman; HH, household; MF, microfinance; PNC, postnatal care visit; SHG, self-help group.