Summary statistics of key variables by non-member households and SHG households
| Variable | Summary statistics (N=17 244) | |||
| Non- member households | SHG house holds | Test of comparison | ||
| Independent variables: programme exposure characteristics | ||||
| 1. | Level of HH MF exposure | 10 097 (59%) | 7147 (41%) | --- |
| 0. HH in a village with no SHG, no health intervention (pure control—reference) | 3709 (37%) | --- | --- | |
| 1. Non-member HH in a village with SHG only programme | 3042 (30%) | --- | --- | |
| 2. Non-member HH in a village with SHG plus health intervention | 3346 (33%) | --- | --- | |
| 3. SHG member HH in a village with SHG only intervention | --- | 3623 (51%) | --- | |
| 4. SHG plus health member HH in a village with SHG plus health intervention | --- | 3524 (49%) | --- | |
| 2. | Evaluation survey round | |||
| Round 1/baseline-2015 (=0) | 5454 (54%) | 3269 (45%) | *** | |
| Round 2/endline-2017 (=1) | 4643 (45%) | 3878 (54%) | ||
| Independent variables: individual health and health system characteristics | ||||
| 3. | Parity (number of previous pregnancies) of the EW | Mean=2.4 (SD=1.44) | Mean=2.4 (SD=1.41) | |
| 4. | Ew with any past history of pregnancy loss (due to spontaneous/induced abortion) | 2550 (25%) | 1890 (26%) | * |
| 5. | EW experienced any complication in last pregnancy/labour or post-partum | 4784 (47%) | 3437 (48%) | |
| 6. | EW’s with correct knowledge of the minimum(four) number of ANC required during pregnancy | 3716 (37%) | 2761 (39%) | *** |
| 7. | EW received four or more ANC in last pregnancy with urine/blood pressure /weight/abdominal/ultrasound tested in last ANC | 2668 (26%) | 2077 (29%) | *** |
| 8. | EW reporting Institutional delivery | 8357 (83%) | 5948 (83%) | |
| 9. | Duration (in hours) of stay in health facility immediately after delivery | |||
| 1. Home delivery (reference) | 1740 (17%) | 1199 (17%) | *** | |
| 2. Discharged within 12 hours | 5603 (56%) | 4127 (58%) | ||
| 3. Discharged between 12 and 24 hours | 1134 (11%) | 795 (11%) | ||
| 4. Discharged between 24 and 48 hours | 720 (7%) | 506 (7%) | ||
| 5. Discharged between 48 and 72 hours | 283 (3%) | 146 (2%) | ||
| 6. Discharged after >72 hours | 617 (6%) | 374 (5%) | ||
| 10. | EW who received three PNC in the first 7 days after delivery | 909 (9%) | 659 (9%) | |
| 11. | Number of contacts with ASHA/ANM/AWW/SHG in last pregnancy | Mean=4.0 (SD=5.4) | Mean=4.2 (SD=5.4) | |
| 12. | Distance (kilometres) to primary health centre if not available in the village | Mean=5.4 (SD=4.9) | Mean=5.4 (SD=4.7) | |
| Independent variables: socio-demographic/economic and area level characteristics | ||||
| 13. | Village distance (kilometres) to closest town | Mean=1.4 (SD=0.77) | Mean=1.4 (SD=0.75) | |
| 14. | Population of village | Mean=5153 (SD=5134) | Mean=5140 (SD=5113) | |
| 15. | HH with BP) card | 4499 (45%) | 3316 (46%) | |
| 16. | Household wealth quintile (poor to poorest) | |||
| 1. Marginally poor | 1985 (20%) | 1498 (21%) | *** | |
| 2. Moderately poor | 2049 (20%) | 1502 (21%) | ||
| 3. Poor | 1994 (20%) | 1471 (20%) | ||
| 4. Poorer | 2029 (20%) | 1396 (20%) | ||
| 5. Poorest | 2040 (20%) | 1280 (18%) | ||
| 17. | EW presently working to earn cash, in kind or both | 1661 (16%) | 1211 (17%) | |
| 18. | EW living with joint and extended family | 5819 (58%) | 4259 (60%) | *** |
| 19. | Household head’s regligion: Hinduism and others | 9281 (92%) | 6546 (92%) | |
| 20. | EW belonging to scheduled caste and scheduled tribe | 4485 (45%) | 3202 (45%) | |
| 21. | EW age in completed years | Mean=25 (SD=4.56) | Mean=25 (SD=4.55) | |
| 22. | EW’s education level: completed primary/middle school (up to year 9) and above | 6680 (66%) | 4798 (67%) | |
| 23. | EW’s husband education: completed primary/middle school (up to year 9) and above | 8365 (83%) | 5936 (83%) | |
| Dependent variable | ||||
| 24. | EW’s who practised BPCR in last pregnancy | 4662 (46%) | 3743 (52%) | *** |
ASHA/ANM and AWW are government health workers in villages as per population guidelines providing preventative maternal, child and other health services. Independent sample T-test and Chi-square test for group (SHG vs non-SHG) comparison with significant p-value shown as ***: p<0.01, **: p<0.05,* and p<0.10.
Non-member households are those which do not include a SHG member and SHG households are those that include a SHG member.
ANC, antenatal check-up; ANM, auxiliary nurse midwife; ASHA, accredited social health worker; AWW, anganwadi worker; BPCR, birth preparedness and complication readiness; BPL, below poverty line; EW, eligible woman; EW, eligible woman; HH, household; MF, microfinance; PNC, postnatal care visit; SHG, self-help group.