Participant characteristics and outcomes by income category for each outcome cohort
| Characteristic, n (%) | BMI (n=1628) | SDQ (n=649) | ITC (n=1405) | ||||||
| Predictors | Full sample (n=1628) | Income ≥$C80 000 (n=1180) | Income <$C80 000 (n=448) | Full sample (n=649) | Income ≥$C80 000 (n=539) | Income <$C80 000 (n=110) | Full sample (n=1405) | Income ≥$C80 000 (n=1106) | Income <$C80 000 (n=299) |
| Child | |||||||||
| Age (months) (mean, SD) | 62.6 (2.8) | 62.5 (2.7) | 62.8 (3.0) | 47.5 (12.3) | 47.1 (12.3) | 49.6 (12.2) | 18.6 (0.98) | 18.6 (0.97) | 18.6 (1.0) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 795 (48.8) | 574 (48.6) | 221 (49.3) | 323 (49.7) | 277 (51.4) | 46 (41.8) | 638 (45.3) | 491 (48.5) | 145 (48.5) |
| Male | 833 (51.2) | 606 (51.4) | 227 (50.7) | 326 (50.2) | 262 (48.6) | 64 (59.2) | 614 (55.6) | 615 (51.5) | 154 (51.5) |
| Birth weight (kg) (mean, SD) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.2 (0.7) |
| Gestational age <37 weeks | 189 (13.5) | 147 (13.3) | 42 (14.1) | ||||||
| Total months breastfed | 12.6 (9.8) | 12.9 (9.1) | 12.0 (11.4) | ||||||
| Lives with both parents | 1497 (92.0) | 1134 (96.1) | 363 (81.0) | 620 (95.5) | 522 (96.8) | 98 (88.7) | 1346 (95.8) | 1091 (97.7) | 265 (88.3) |
| Parent | |||||||||
| Maternal age at birth (mean, SD) | 33.3 (4.5) | 33.9 (3.9) | 31.6 (5.6) | 33.6 (4.2) | 34.0 (3.9) | 31.7 (4.8) | 33.9 (4.1) | 34.4 (3.7) | 32.2 (4.9) |
| Maternal education | |||||||||
| University or more | 1491 (91.6) | 1138 (96.4) | 353 (78.8) | 534 (82.3) | 476 (88.3) | 58 (52.7) | 1154 (82.1) | 993 (99.8) | 161 (53.9) |
| High school or less | 137 (8.4) | 42 (3.6) | 95 (21.2) | 115 (17.7) | 63 (11.7) | 52 (47.3) | 251 (17.9) | 113 (10.2) | 138 (46.2) |
| Maternal BMI | 24.7 (4.9) | 24.3 (4.5) | 25.7 (65.8) | ||||||
| Mother born in Canada | |||||||||
| Yes | 1114 (68.4) | 906 (76.8) | 208 (46.4) | 436 (67.2) | 403 (74.8) | 33 (30.0) | 978 (69.6) | 844 (76.3) | 134 (44.8) |
| No | 514 (31.6) | 274 (23.2) | 240 (453.6) | 213 (32.8) | 136 (25.2) | 77 (70.0) | 427 (30.4) | 262 (23.7) | 165 (55.2) |
| Maternal ethnicity | |||||||||
| White/European | 1162 (71.4) | 909 (77.0) | 253 (56.5) | 390 (60.1) | 353 (65.5) | 37 (33.6) | 886 (63.6) | 766 (69.3) | 120 (40.1) |
| Other | 466 (28.6) | 271 (23.0) | 195 (43.5) | 259 (39.9) | 186 (34.5) | 73 (66.4) | 519 (36.9) | 340 (30.7) | 179 (59.9) |
| Outcomes | |||||||||
| BMI z-score category (n, %) | |||||||||
| <−2.0 (underweight) | 25 (1.2) | 17 (1.1) | 8 (1.3) | ||||||
| ≥−2.0 –<1.0 (normal) | 1760 (82.3) | 1276 (84.9) | 471 (77.4) | ||||||
| >1.0 –<2.0 (overweight) | 273 (12.8) | 175 (11.6) | 96 (15.5) | ||||||
| ≥2.0 (obesity) | 80 (3.7) | 36 (2.4) | 44 (7.1) | ||||||
| SDQ Score (mean, SD) | 7.5 (4.5) | 7.2 (4.2) | 9.0 (5.2) | ||||||
| ITC Score (mean, SD) | 46.6 (5.8) | 47.4 (5.1) | 44.5 (7.0) | ||||||
BMI, body mass index; ITC, Infant Toddler Checklist; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.