Associations among handwashing-related outcomes according to logic model
| Variable | Category | Explanatory variable | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Demographics and health status | Experience of educational events or public relations | Experience of educational events or public relations | Attitude of the preventive effect | Experience of educational events or public relations, and attitude of the preventive effect | |||
| Response variable | Experience of educational events or public relations | Practice with soap or hand detergents | Attitude of the preventive effect | Practice with soap or hand detergents | Practice with soap or hand detergents | ||
| Study population (n) | 91 480 | 91 480 | 91 480 | 91 480 | 91 480 | ||
| Experience of educational events or public relations | No | – | Ref. | Ref. | – | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1.21 (1.19 to 1.23) | 1.50 (1.38 to 1.63) | 1.21 (1.18 to 1.23) | ||||
| Attitude of the preventive effect | No | – | – | – | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1.67 (1.53 to 1.81) | 1.62 (1.48 to 1.76) | |||||
| Sex | Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Female | 1.36 (1.34 to 1.38) | 1.21 (1.19 to 1.23) | 1.42 (1.31 to 1.55) | 1.23 (1.21 to 1.26) | 1.21 (1.18 to 1.23) | ||
| Age (years) | 19–29 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| 30–39 | 1.22 (1.17 to 1.27) | 1.51 (1.43 to 1.60) | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.19) | 1.54 (1.46 to 1.63) | 1.52 (1.44 to 1.60) | ||
| 40–49 | 1.32 (1.27 to 1.37) | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.45) | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.13) | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) | ||
| 50–59 | 1.26 (1.22 to 1.31) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92) | 0.83 (0.69 to 0.98) | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.94) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92) | ||
| 60–69 | 1.23 (1.18 to 1.27) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.94) | 1.13 (0.92 to 1.37) | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.94) | ||
| 70–79 | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.97) | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.94) | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.26) | 0.89 (0.84 to 0.93) | 0.89 (0.85 to 0.94) | ||
| 80+ | 0.49 (0.46 to 0.53) | 0.75 (0.69 to 0.81) | 1.34 (0.94 to 1.91) | 0.70 (0.65 to 0.76) | 0.75 (0.69 to 0.81) | ||
| Education | Elementary− | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Middle-high | 1.07 (1.05 to 1.10) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.01) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | ||
| College+ | 1.47 (1.43 to 1.51) | 1.45 (1.40 to 1.49) | 1.77 (1.53 to 2.06) | 1.48 (1.43 to 1.53) | 1.44 (1.39 to 1.49) | ||
| Chronic conditions 1* | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.24) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | ||
| Self-rated health | Poor− | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Usual | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.18) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.04) | ||
| Good+ | 1.16 (1.13 to 1.18) | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.19) | 1.35 (1.19 to 1.54) | 1.16 (1.13 to 1.20) | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.18) | ||
| Self-rated oral health | Poor− | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Usual | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05) | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.25) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.05) | ||
| Good+ | 1.16 (1.14 to 1.19) | 1.19 (1.15 to 1.22) | 1.03 (0.90 to 1.18) | 1.20 (1.16 to 1.24) | 1.19 (1.15 to 1.22) | ||
| Survey year | 2013 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| 2015 | 1.69 (1.65 to 1.74) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.54 (0.48 to 0.61) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.02) | ||
| 2017 | 0.95 (0.92 to 0.97) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.06) | 1.25 (1.07 to 1.46) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) | ||
| 2019 | 0.87 (0.85 to 0.90) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.48 (1.25 to 1.74) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | ||
*Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, arthritis.
Ref., reference.