Table 2

Overview of secondary outcome measures

Secondary outcome measureInstrument
Pain (intensity, interference)Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)43
General and domain-specific pain-related disabilityPain Disability Index (PDI)44
Perceived improvementPatient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale45
DepressionPatient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)46
Health-related quality of lifeShort Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36)47
AnxietyGeneral Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)48
Self-efficacyPain Self Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)49
CatastrophisingPain Catastrophising Scale (PCS)50
Fear of pain and consequent avoidance of physical activityFear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ)51
Participants gender, age, occupation, relationship status, level of education, pain diagnosis, years with CPInitial online questionnaire
  • CP, chronic pain.