Table 3

Prepandemic compared with pandemic behavioural and psychological symptoms for the 104 persons with dementia (n)

	Prepandemic			Pandemic			P value
	N (%) with symptom load of clinical relevance*	Median	IQR	N (%) with symptom load of clinical relevance*	Median	IQR	P value
Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI-12)
Total score, range 0–144		16	4.5–29		20	7–32.5	0.03†
Subsyndromes
Psychosis‡, range 0–24		0	0–3		0.5	0–6	0.01†
Hyperactive behaviour§, range 0–60		5.5	0–12		4	0–12	0.79
Mood¶, range 0–48		6	0–12		6.5	1–12	0.21
Domain scores, range 0–12
Delusions	20 (19)	0	0–2	31 (30)	0	0–6	0.04†
Hallucinations	8 (8)	0	0–0	16 (15)	0	0–0	0.23
Agitation	23 (22)	0	0–3	18 (17)	0	0–2	0.45
Depression	25 (24)	0	0–3	40 (38)	1	0–6	0.04†
Anxiety	18 (17)	0	0–2	31 (30)	0	0–4	0.07
Euphoria	8 (8)	0	0–0	4 (4)	0	0–0	0.19
Apathy	35 (34)	0	0–4	30 (29)	0	0–4	0.50
Disinhibitions	9 (9)	0	0–0	15 (14)	0	0–1.5	0.16
Irritability	28 (27)	0	0–4	29 (28)	0	0–4	0.78
Aberrant motor behaviour	23 (22)	0	0–1	24 (23)	0	0–2.5	0.66
Sleep disturbances	25 (24)	0	0–3	28 (27)	0	0–4	0.82
Appetite changes	14 (13)	0	0–1	17 (16)	0	0–1	0.84
No of BPSD with symptom load of clinical relevance*, range 0–12		2	0–4		3	1–5	<0.001†
Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD)
Total score, range 0–38	34 (33)	5	3–9	41 (39)	7	4–12	0.01†

*NPI domain scores ≥4 indicate BPSD with symptom load of clinical relevance. CSDD total score ≥8 indicates depression of clinical relevance.
†Indicates two-tailed p<0.05.
‡ Psychosis: delusions and hallucinations
§ Hyperactive behaviour: agitation, euphoria, irritation, disinhibition, aberrant motor behaviour
¶ Mood: depression, apathy, sleep disturbances and appetite changes
BPSD, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia; P, p value for difference in median between time points by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test; Pandemic, PAN.DEM assessment (20 April 2020 to 15 May 2020); Prepandemic, Six-month assessment of parent trial (12 December 2019 to 11 March 2020).