Modified Poisson regression analyses of relationships between communicative and critical health literacy and multimorbidity
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
| Crude risk ratio (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
| CCHL score | 0.84 (0.78 to 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.88 to 0.995) | 0.035 | 0.95 (0.89 to 1.02) | 0.134 |
| Covariates | ||||||
| Sex, female | – | – | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.003 | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.93) | 0.002 |
| Age, years | ||||||
| 20–39 | – | – | Reference | |||
| 40–59 | – | – | 2.68 (2.11 to 3.40) | <0.001 | 2.66 (2.09 to 3.40) | <0.001 |
| 60–79 | – | – | 4.62 (3.68 to 5.79) | <0.001 | 4.51 (3.56 to 5.71) | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | – | – | 5.63 (4.34 to 7.29) | <0.001 | 5.44 (4.13 to 7.17) | <0.001 |
| Years of education | ||||||
| ≤9 years | – | – | – | – | Reference | |
| 10–12 years | – | – | – | – | 0.68 (0.79 to 1.17) | 0.682 |
| >12 years | – | – | – | – | 0.90 (0.73 to 1.11) | 0.312 |
| Household income, in million JPY | ||||||
| <JPY4.0 (≈US$36 000) | – | – | – | – | Reference | |
| JPY4.0–JPY9.9 | – | – | – | – | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.08) | 0.462 |
| ≥JPY10.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.16) | 0.519 |
US$1, JPY110.
CCHL, communicative and critical health literacy.;