American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) end organ damage risk variables and macrovascular and microvascular risk measures
| Disease risk variable | Health outcome measure |
| Macrovascular (10-year risk of heart disease or stroke) | Non-modifiable/modifiable measures |
| Age | Non-modifiable |
| Gender | Non-modifiable |
| Race | Non-modifiable |
| Total cholesterol | Modifiable—total cholesterol (mg/dL, ideal 170) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Modifiable (mg/dL, ideal 150) |
| Systolic blood pressure | Modifiable—ideal 110 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Modifiable—ideal 80 |
| Treated for high blood pressure | Modifiable—yes/no |
| DM | DM, yes for his patient cohort |
| Smoker | Modifiable—ideal no |
| Microvascular disease risk (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) | A1c=% of haemoglobin coated with sugar Ideal for this patient cohort is <7 (note: age, comorbidities and ‘brittleness’ affect A1c targets) |