Table 2

Work performance and work–family conflicts by experience of DT and OS

	Total %	Experience of DT and OS
		None	DT only		OS only		DT and OS
		% (ref.)	%	P value	%	P value	%	P value
Total		56.93	25.89		8.71		8.47
Work performance
Work engagement
Pride in work
Very low or somewhat low	41.18	46.22	38.71	<0.001	36.69	0.006	19.63	<0.001
Neutral	41.45	39.81	42.72		44.24		45.56
Somewhat high or very high	17.37	13.97	18.57		19.06		34.81
Enjoyment of work
Very low or somewhat low	50.17	54.86	49.70	0.045	43.32	<0.001	27.04	<0.001
Neutral	34.54	32.40	35.60		38.63		41.48
Somewhat high or very high	15.28	12.75	14.70		18.05		31.48
Career attrition
Turnover intention
Very low or somewhat low	11.89	10.26	11.18	0.330	11.19	0.258	25.93	<0.001
Neutral	21.68	21.36	18.96		25.27		28.52
Somewhat high or very high	66.43	68.38	69.87		63.54		45.56
Early retirement
Very low or somewhat low	14.96	13.08	15.17	0.350	17.63	0.018	24.44	<0.001
Neutral	24.88	24.06	23.30		28.06		31.85
Somewhat high or very high	60.16	62.86	61.53		54.32		43.70
Exhaustion
Very low or somewhat low	5.06	4.30	5.22	0.528	5.05	0.842	9.63	<0.001
Neutral	20.41	19.98	19.08		20.22		27.78
Somewhat high or very high	74.53	75.72	75.70		74.73		62.59
Patient-centred care
Involvement
Very rarely or rarely	3.35	2.87	4.25	0.184	1.80	0.486	5.58	0.004
Occasionally	14.79	14.24	14.20		15.83		19.33
Frequently or very frequently	81.86	82.89	81.55		82.37		75.09
Accessibility
Very rarely or rarely	26.87	29.58	23.33	0.004	24.55	0.060	21.85	0.025
Occasionally	37.90	36.87	39.49		35.02		42.96
Frequently or very frequently	35.23	33.55	37.18		40.43		35.19
Hand washing after care
Very rarely or rarely	10.56	10.65	11.18	0.026	9.75	0.283	8.89	0.043
Occasionally	23.49	24.45	19.68		20.58		31.48
Frequently or very frequently	65.96	64.90	69.14		69.68		59.63
Work–family conflicts
Affecting care for family
Very low or somewhat low	25.24	23.68	26.33	0.144	26.71	0.405	30.86	<0.001
Neutral	15.29	14.40	15.78		15.52		19.70
Somewhat high or very high	59.47	61.92	57.89		57.76		49.44
Feeling guilty towards family
Very low or somewhat low	6.00	4.91	5.83	0.505	7.22	0.147	12.64	<0.001
Neutral	16.30	15.12	15.92		17.33		24.16
Somewhat high or very high	77.71	79.97	78.25		75.45		63.20
Receiving complaints from family
Very low or somewhat low	17.61	16.68	17.60	0.389	19.13	0.522	22.30	<0.001
Neutral	29.23	28.27	30.22		25.99		36.06
Somewhat high or very high	53.15	55.05	52.18		54.87		41.64

DT, domestic off-the-job training; OS, overseas study.