Variables | Crude OR | (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Monthly household income (unit: million KRW)* | ||||
<1 (US$845) | 2.39 | (2.20 to 2.60) | 1.98 | (1.79 to 2.19) |
(1–1.99) | 1.72 | (1.59 to 1.86) | 1.54 | (1.41 to 1.68) |
(2–2.99) | 1.35 | (1.26 to 1.45) | 1.29 | (1.20 to 1.39) |
(3–3.99) | 1.16 | (1.08 to 1.25) | 1.14 | (1.06 to 1.23) |
≥4 (US$3380) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Age (years) | ||||
19–29 | 0.59 | (0.52 to 0.66) | 0.83 | (0.72 to 0.97) |
30–39 | 0.46 | (0.41 to 0.51) | 0.72 | (0.63 to 0.82) |
40–49 | 0.48 | (0.43 to 0.53) | 0.74 | (0.65 to 0.85) |
50–59 | 0.56 | (0.51 to 0.63) | 0.81 | (0.71 to 0.91) |
60–69 | 0.77 | (0.68 to 0.86) | 0.92 | (0.81 to 1.03) |
≥70 | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Education level | ||||
≤Middle school | 2.08 | (1.92 to 2.24) | 1.43 | (1.30 to 1.58) |
Mid. sch. to Univ. | 1.40 | (1.32 to 1.49) | 1.26 | (1.18 to 1.34) |
≥University | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 1.11 | (1.05 to 1.17) | 1.03 | (0.96 to 1.10) |
Married | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Number of household members | ||||
One | 1.14 | (1.06 to 1.24) | 0.85 | (0.77 to 0.94) |
Two | 1.20 | (1.13 to 1.27) | 0.93 | (0.87 to 1.00) |
Three or more | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Type of community | ||||
City (urban) | 0.90 | (0.86 to 0.95) | 1.03 | (0.97 to 1.09) |
Town (rural) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
High-risk alcohol drinking | ||||
Yes | 0.85 | (0.81 to 0.90) | 0.89 | (0.85 to 0.94) |
No | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Physical activity | ||||
No | 1.00 | (0.95 to 1.06) | 0.99 | (0.93 to 1.05) |
Yes | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Self-reported stress level | ||||
High | 0.97 | (0.92 to 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.95 to 1.06) |
Low | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Experience of depression | ||||
Yes | 1.37 | (1.24 to 1.52) | 1.25 | (1.12 to 1.39) |
No | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
Number of chronic diseases† | ||||
Two or more | 1.16 | (1.07 to 1.24) | 1.02 | (0.94 to 1.10) |
One | 1.08 | (1.03 to 1.15) | 1.04 | (0.98 to 1.10) |
Zero | 1.00 | (Ref) | 1.00 | (Ref) |
*P for trend <0.001 of monthly household income as an ordinal variable, adjusted for all other variables.
†Doctor-diagnosed high blood pressure, diabetes, hypoglycaemic, arthritis, asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.