Table 3

The associations between muscle strength and function and different measures of cognition in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; n=70), prostate cancer controls (PCON; n=52) and non-PCA controls (CON; n=70)

Variable		Leg press 3RM	Grip strength	Gait speed	400 m walk	TUGC
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Immediate recall	ADT	0.24	0.083	0.144	−0.268*	−0.212
	PCON	0.073	−0.029	0.299	−0.354*	−0.428**
	CON	0.23	0.239	0.087	−0.346**	−0.232
Verbal learning	ADT	0.071	0.077	0.122	−0.284*	−0.310*
	PCON	0.169	−0.032	0.261	−0.287	−0.374*
	CON	0.259	0.257*	0.191***	−0.458**	−0.247
Delayed recall	ADT	−0.013	0.054	0.076	−0.245	−0.247
	PCON	−0.099	−0.097	0.173	−0.266	−0.322*
	CON	0.183	0.231	0.179	−0.359**	−0.08
Digit span
Temporary verbal memory	ADT	0.169	0.199	0.157	−0.341*	−0.241
	PCON	0.087	0.111	0.021	−0.029	−0.253
	CON	0.158	0.071	0.204	−0.334**	−0.288*
Verbal working memory	ADT	−0.051	0.038	0.097	−0.028	−0.275*
	PCON	0.368*	0.148	0.309*	−0.195	−0.349*
	CON	0.108	0.132	0.209	−0.208	−0.155
Trail making test
Visuomotor speed	ADT	−0.179	−0.172	−0.267*	0.372**	0.329*
	PCON	−0.206*	−0.016	−0.269	0.400**	0.399**
	CON	−0.446***	−0.313**	−0.275*	0.282*	0.217
Task switching	ADT	−0.225	−0.259*	−0.196	0.403**	0.347**
	PCON	−0.357*	−0.001	−0.133	0.172	0.358*
	CON	−0.483***	−0.262*	−0.146	0.330**	0.212
Executive function	ADT	−0.215	−0.255	−0.154	0.370**	0.313*
	PCON	−0.321	0.006	−0.038	0.026	0.249
	CON	−0.416**	−0.194	−0.065	0.292*	0.172
CogState composite scores
Psychomotor-attention	ADT	0.261	0.307*	0.193	−0.176	−0.389**
	PCON	0.069	0.213	0.287*	−0.205	−0.473***
	CON	0.358**	0.317**	0.1	−0.235	−0.073
Working memory learning	ADT	0.264	0.126	0.146	−0.144	−0.467***
	PCON	0.179	−0.006	0.066	−0.136	−0.228
	CON	0.303*	0.382**	0.132	−0.237	−0.098
Global cognition	ADT	0.313*	0.254*	0.209	−0.289*	−0.522***
	PCON	0.174	0.162	0.248	−0.23	−0.491***
	CON	0.402**	0.444***	0.155	−0.294*	−0.099

Data are Pearson’s correlation coefficient adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 (bold). Visuomotor speed (Trail making Test part A), task switching (Trail making Test part B), executive function (Trail making Test part B-A); immediate recall (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) trial 1); verbal learning (RAVLT trial 1–5 inclusive); delayed recall (RAVLT trial 7); verbal temporary memory (Digit Span forwards); verbal working memory (Digit Span backward). CogState measures: Simple reaction time (DET speed); choice reaction time (IND speed); working memory speed (ONB speed), working memory accuracy (ONB accuracy), visuospatial executive function (GML errors); psychomotor attention (DET and IDN); working memory and learning (OCL and ONB), global cognition (DET, IDN, and OCL).