Baseline characteristics of KOPS wave 2 participants*
| Characteristics | Total (n=6380) | Ishigaki (n=3902) | Iki (n=558) | Hoshino (n=536) | Kasuya (n=1384) |
| Female, no (%) | 3864 (60.6) | 2303 (59.0) | 390 (69.9) | 337 (62.9) | 834 (60.3) |
| Age, years | 61 (51, 68) | 61 (49, 71) | 58 (50, 62) | 64 (55, 71) | 61 (53, 65) |
| BMI, kg/m2† | 23.2 (21.0, 25.6) | 23.9 (21.6, 26.3) | 22.7 (20.7, 24.9) | 22.0 (20.4, 24.0) | 22.1 (20.3, 24.3) |
| Smoking habits, no (%) | 928 (14.6) | 592 (15.3) | 73 (13.1) | 47 (8.8) | 216 (15.6) |
| Alcohol drinking habits, no (%) | 2760 (43.5) | 1692 (43.7) | 202 (36.3) | 218 (40.9) | 648 (47.1) |
| Sleep duration, hours/day | 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) | 7.0 (6.0, 7.5) | 7.0 (6.0, 7.0) | 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) | 7.0 (6.0, 7.0) |
| Total leisure physical activity, min/week | 52.5 (0.0, 202.5) | 45.0 (0.0, 187.5) | 22.5 (0.0, 157.5) | 22.5 (0.0, 127.5) | 82.5 (7.5, 315.0) |
| Leisure physical activity light, min/week | 22.5 (0.0, 135.0) | 22.5 (0.0, 135.0) | 7.5 (0.0, 105.0) | 7.5 (0.0, 105.0) | 52.5 (0.0, 157.5) |
| Leisure physical activity medium, min/week | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) |
| Leisure physical activity hard, min/week | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) |
| Psychological stress during the last year | |||||
| No stress, no (%) | 660 (10.4) | 530 (13.7) | 19 (3.4) | 54 (10.1) | 57 (4.1) |
| Low stress, no (%) | 1783 (28.1) | 1132 (29.3) | 150 (26.9) | 187 (35.1) | 314 (22.7) |
| Moderate stress, no (%) | 2807 (44.3) | 1612 (41.7) | 270 (48.5) | 247 (46.3) | 678 (49.1) |
| High stress, no (%) | 1086 (17.2) | 591 (15.3) | 118 (21.2) | 45 (8.4) | 332 (24.0) |
| Personal medical history | |||||
| Hypertension, no (%)‡ | 2473 (38.8) | 1702 (43.6) | 163 (29.2) | 206 (38.4) | 402 (29.1) |
| Diabetes, no (%)§ | 815 (12.8) | 579 (14.8) | 51 (9.1) | 43 (8.0) | 142 (10.3) |
| Dyslipidaemia, no (%)¶ | 2874 (45.1) | 1593 (40.8) | 343 (61.5) | 216 (40.3) | 722 (52.2) |
| Cancer, no (%) | 110 (1.7) | 60 (1.5) | 9 (1.6) | 11 (2.1) | 30 (2.2) |
| Coronary heart disease, no (%)** | 110 (1.7) | 65 (1.7) | 7 (1.3) | 10 (1.9) | 28 (2.0) |
| Stroke, no (%)†† | 98 (1.5) | 74 (1.9) | 4 (0.7) | 6 (1.1) | 14 (1.0) |
*Data are shown as median (25% quartile, 75% quartile) or number (%).
†Parameter was calculated using the following formula: body weight (kg)/height (m)/height (m).
‡Hypertension was defined as a blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or being on medications for hypertension.
§Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose ≥125 mg/dL, a glycated haemoglobin >6.4% or being on medications for diabetes.
¶Dyslipidaemia was defined as a triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥140 mg/dL or a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL.
**Coronary heart disease included ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction.
††Stroke included intracerebral haemorrhage, atherothrombotic brain infarction, cerebral embolism and subarachnoid haemorrhage.
BMI, body mass index; KOPS, Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study.