Circulating 25(OH)D and adjusted HR (95% CI) for total CVD, respiratory and COPD mortality
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | P-value linear trend | ||||
| <10 (deficient) (n=363) | 10–19 (n=1499) | 20+ (n=1713) | HR per 1 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D | ||
| Total | |||||
| Rate/1000 | 67.8 (287) | 46.4 (988) | 40.9 (1052) | ||
| Age +season | 1.80 (1.57, 2.05) | 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) | 1.00 | 0.983 (0.978, 0.988) | <0.0001 |
| Model 1 | 1.52 (1.32, 1.75) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25) | 1.00 | 0.989 (0.984, 0.994) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1.56 (1.32, 1.75) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25) | 1.00 | 0.989 (0.984, 0.994) | <0.0001 |
| Model 3 | 1.47 (1.28, 1.70) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) | 1.00 | 0.990 (0.985, 0.995) | <0.0001 |
| CVD | |||||
| Rate/1000 | 20.6 (87) | 15.6 (332) | 14.0 (359) | ||
| Model 1 | 1.27 (0.99, 1.64) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | 1.00 | 0.992 (0.983, 1.000) | 0.06 |
| Model 2 | 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | 1.00 | 0.992 (0.983, 1.000) | 0.06 |
| Model 3 | 1.23 (0.95, 1.59) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.26) | 1.00 | 0.993 (0.985, 1.002) | 0.15 |
| Respiratory | |||||
| Rate/1000 | 11.4 (48) | 4.8 (103) | 4.4 (113) | ||
| Model 1 | 2.10 (1.46, 3.02) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.43) | 1.00 | 0.978 (0.963, 0.993) | 0.004 |
| Model 2 | 2.07 (1.44, 2.99) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) | 1.00 | 0.978 (0.964, 0.993) | 0.005 |
| Model 3 | 2.01 (1.39, 2.90) | 1.06 (0.80, 1.40) | 1.00 | 0.979 (0.964, 0.994) | 0.007 |
| COPD | |||||
| Rate/1000 | 5.7 (24) | 2.3 (48) | 1.6 (42) | ||
| Model 1 | 2.28 (1.32, 3.91) | 1.42 (0.92, 2.17) | 1.00 | 0.972 (0.950, 0.994) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 2.25 (1.31, 3.88) | 1.43 (0.93, 2.19) | 1.00 | 0.972 (0.950, 0.994) | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 2.06 (1.19, 3.58) | 1.37 (0.88, 2.11) | 1.00 | 0.975 (0.953, 0.997) | 0.02 |
Model 2=model 1+BMI.
Model 3=model 2+IL-6.
Model 1: adjusted for age, season, smoking, physical activity, social class, diabetes, use of antihypertensive treatment, pre-existing CVD and impaired lung function.
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease;