Clinical features, patterns of treatment and clinical outcomes of water intoxication
| % (no/total data available) | All | Mild hyponatraemia (130–134 mmol/L) | Moderate hyponatraemia (125–129 mmol/L) | Severe hyponatraemia (<125 mmol/L) |
| Clinical features | ||||
| Not reported | 4.5% (11/223) | 10% (1/10) | 15% (4/27) | 3.2% (6/186) |
| No symptoms | 2.7% (6/223) | 40% (4/10) | 4% (1/27) | 0.5% (1/186) |
| Mild | 4.9% (10/223) | 10% (1/10) | 7% (2/27) | 3.8% (7/186) |
| Moderate | 34.5 (77/223) | 40% (4/10) | 37% (10/27) | 33.9% (63/186) |
| Severe | 53.4% (119/223) | 0% (0/10) | 37% (10/27) | 58.6% (109/186) |
| Onset of clinical features | ||||
| Not known | 30% (67/223) | 0% (0/10) | 37% (10/27) | 30.7% (57/186) |
| No clinical features reported/asymptomatic | 3% (6/223) | 40% (4/10) | 4% (1/27) | 0.5% (1/186) |
| Acute (<48 hours) | 41% (92/223) | 30% (3/10) | 41% (11/27) | 41.9% (78/186) |
| Chronic (>48 hours) | 26% (58/223) | 40% (4/10) | 18% (5/27) | 26.9% (50/186) |
| Treatment types | ||||
| Not reported | 13% (28/223) | 30% (3/10) | 22% (6/27) | 10% (19/186) |
| Supportive Care | 41% (92/223) | 50% (5/10) | 48% (13/27) | 40% (74/186) |
| Isotonic saline | 18% (41/223) | 10% (1/10) | 15% (4/27) | 19% (36/186) |
| Hypertonic (3%) saline | 28% (62/223) | 10% (1/10) | 15% (4/27) | 31% (57/186) |
| Treatment complications | ||||
| None | 90% (200/223) | 100% (10/10) | 96% 26/27) | 88% (164/186) |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 7% (16/223) | 0% (0/10) | 4% (1/27) | 8% (15/186) |
| Osmotic demyelination | 3% (7/223) | 0% (0/10) | 0% (0/27) | 4% (7/186) |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Not reported | 9% (19/223) | 40% (4/10) | 18.5% (5/27) | 5% (10/186) |
| Recovered (partial/complete) | 78% (175/223) | 60% (6/10) | 77.8% (21/27) | 80% (148/186) |
| Death | 13% (29/223) | 0% (0/10) | 3.7% (1/27) | 15% (28/186) |