Variables | Model II AOR (95% CI) | Model III AOR (95% CI) | Model IV AOR (95% CI) |
Age | |||
15–19 | 1 | 1 | |
20–25 | 1.20 (1.04 to 1.38)* | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.35)* | |
26–30 | 1.57 (1.33 to 1.85)† | 1.50 (1.27 to 1.76)† | |
>30 | 1.87 (1.59 to 2.20)† | 1.76 (1.50 to 2.07)† | |
Religion | |||
Christians | 1 | 1 | |
Muslim | 0.77 (0.67 to 0.87)† | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.94)† | |
Education | |||
No formal education | 1 | 1 | |
Primary | 1.79 (1.61 to 1.99)† | 1.70 (1.53 to 1.89)† | |
Secondary | 3.77 (3.25 to 4.38)† | 3.43 (2.95 to 3.99)† | |
Higher | 6.50 (5.16 to 8.18)† | 5.88 (4.66 to 7.42)† | |
History of birth | |||
No | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.29) | 1.14 (0.98 to 1.33) | |
Sex history | |||
No | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 1.15 (0.98 to 1.35) | 1.16 (0.99 to 1.35) | |
Ever terminated pregnancy | |||
No | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 1.31 (1.13 to 1.52)† | 1.31 (1.13 to 1.51)† | |
Media exposure | |||
Less than a week/never | 1 | 1 | |
At least once a week | 1.46 (1.31 to 1.62)† | 1.33 (1.2 to 1.49)† | |
Internet use | |||
Never | 1 | 1 | |
Ever | 2.43 (1.99 to 2.96)† | 2.25 (1.84 to 2.75)† | |
Currently working | |||
No | |||
Yes | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.23)* | 1.10 (0.9 to 1.19) | |
Household Wealth Index | |||
Poor | 1 | 1 | |
Medium | 1.27 (1.11 to 1.45)† | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.34)* | |
Rich | 1.92 (1.69 to 2.17)† | 1.50 (1.31 to 1.72)† | |
Residence | |||
Rural | 1 | 1 | |
Urban | 1.62 (1.23 to 2.15)† | 1.11 (0.84 to 1.48) | |
Contextual region | |||
Pastorals | 1 | 1 | |
Agrarians | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.53)* | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.31) | |
Metropolitans | 1.29 (0.99 to 1.70) | 0.97 (0.74 to 1.28) | |
Community-level poverty | |||
High | 1 | 1 | |
low poverty | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.46) | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.16) | |
Community female education | |||
Low | 1 | 1 | |
High | 1.57 (1.27 to 1.93)† | 1.09 (0.88 to 1.34) | |
Community media exposure | |||
Low | 1 | 1 | |
High | 1.49 (1.21 to 1.84)† | 1.30 (1.05 to 1.61)* | |
Community ANC rate | |||
Low | 1 | 1 | |
High | 1.81 (1.49 to 2.20)† | 1.66 (1.37 to 2.02)† | |
Health facility distance problem | |||
High | 1 | 1 | |
Low | 1.55 (1.28 to 1.88)† | 1.49 (1.23 to 1.81)† |
*Statistically significant at p<0.05.
†Statistically significant at p<0.01, model II=a model contained only individual-level factors, model III=a model contained only community-level factors, model IV=a model contained both the individual and community level factors.
ANC, antenatal care; AOR, adjusted OR.