Table 4

Determinants of choosing modern healthcare providers for first consultation (using multilevel logistic regression analyses)

Factors	Variable	Category	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
			AOR	95% CI	P value	AOR	95% CI	P value	AOR	95% CI	P value
			AOR	95% CI	P value	AOR	95% CI	P value	AOR	95% CI	P value	Intercept	3.05	(2.095 to 4.439)	0.000*	2.977	(2.042 to 4.341)	0.001*	2.977	(2.039 to 4.345)	0.001*
Predisposing factors	Sex	Female	R			R			R
	Sex	Male	1.002	(0.955 to 1.053)	0.941	1.001	(0.944 to 1.062)	0.964	1.001	(0.944 to 1.062)	0.964
	Age	18–35	R			R			R
		≤18	0.968	(0.879 to 1.066)	0.498	0.976	(0.881 to 1.081)	0.639	0.976	(0.878 to 1.085)	0.651
		35–60	0.988	(0.922 to 1.059)	0.722	0.99	(0.924 to 1.062)	0.787	0.99	(0.923 to 1.063)	0.791
		60+	0.965	(0.878 to 1.06)	0.448	0.96	(0.872 to 1.056)	0.4	0.96	(0.872 to 1.056)	0.402
	Marital status	Others	R			R			R
	Marital status	Married	1.029	(0.945 to 1.121)	0.52	1.026	(0.942 to 1.118)	0.551	1.026	(0.942 to 1.118)	0.551
Enabling factors	Education	Others				R			R
	Education	Graduate or postgraduate				1.004	(0.819 to 1.232)	0.967	1.004	(0.819 to 1.232)	0.967
	Region of residence	Rural				R			R
	Region of residence	Urban				1.107	(1.048 to 1.169)	0.001*	1.107	(1.048 to 1.169)	0.001*
	Family breadwinner	No				R			R
	Family breadwinner	Yes				1.004	(0.931 to 1.083)	0.92	1.004	(0.931 to 1.083)	0.92
	Travel time	Less than 1 hour				R			R
		1–2 hours				1.108	(1.004 to 1.223)	0.042*	1.108	(1.004 to 1.223)	0.042*
		More than 2 hours				1.119	(0.977 to 1.281)	0.105	1.119	(0.977 to 1.281)	0.106
	Waiting time	Less than 1 hour				R			R
		1–2 hours				1.055	(0.937 to 1.188)	0.377	1.055	(0.937 to 1.188)	0.377
		More than 2 hours				1.19	(0.982 to 1.442)	0.077	1.19	(0.982 to 1.442)	0.077
	Low cost	No				R			R
	Low cost	Yes				0.983	(0.926 to 1.044)	0.585	0.983	(0.926 to 1.044)	0.585
	Quality of the provider	Others				R			R
	Quality of the provider	Yes				0.963	(0.905 to 1.023)	0.223	0.963	(0.905 to 1.023)	0.224
	Income	≤7202 BDT monthly				R			R
		≤28 044 BDT monthly				0.967	(0.921 to 1.016)	0.189	0.967	(0.921 to 1.016)	0.189
		≤86 872 BDT monthly				1.136	(0.93 to 1.387)	0.212	1.136	(0.93 to 1.387)	0.212
		>86 872 BDT monthly				1.007	(0.499 to 2.035)	0.984	1.007	(0.499 to 2.035)	0.984
Need factor	Chronic illness	No							R
Need factor	Chronic illness	Yes							1.000	(0.941 to 1.063)	1

*P<0.05.
AOR, adjusted OR; BDT, Bangladesh Taka; R, reference category.