Psychometric properties | COVID-PSS correlation (95% CI) | |||
Subscale: stereotype | Subscale: prejudice | Subscale: fear | Summary score | |
Validity | ||||
Face and content validity | Satisfactory with comprehensive item generation process and expert review (three epidemiologists, two psychiatrists, one social scientist, two hospital directors and in-depth interviews with 30 general population). | |||
Convergent validity | ||||
With global fear of COVID-19 | 0.28 (0.25 to 0.30)* | 0.44 (0.41 to 0.46)* | 0.84 (0.83 to 0.85)* | 0.68 (0.66 to 0.70)* |
With perceived risk of COVID-19 infection | 0.37 (0.34 to 0.40)* | 0.54 (0.51 to 0.56)* | 0.92 (0.91 to 0.92)* | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.80)* |
With the Bogardus Social Distance Scale | 0.20 (0.17 to 0.23)* | 0.42 (0.39 to 0.44)* | 0.57 (0.54 to 0.59)* | 0.50 (0.48 to 0.53)* |
Discriminant validity | ||||
With Pain Intensity Scale | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)*** | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04)*** | 0.08 (0.05 to 0.11)* | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)** |
With Insomnia Severity Index | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00)*** | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)** | 0.09 (0.06 to 0.12)* | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)** |
Reliability | ||||
Internal consistency: Cronbach’s α | 0.76 (0.75 to 0.78) | 0.77 (0.75 to 0.79) | 0.80 (0.79 to 0.82) | 0.85 (0.84 to 0.86) |
Reproducibility: intraclass correlation† | 0.90 (0.76 to 0.95) | 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.96) | 0.94 (0.86 to 0.96) |
Spearman’s r correlation test.
*P<0.001; **p<0.05; ***p>0.05.
†Based on the subcohort for test–retest, n=409.
COVID-PSS, COVID-19 Public Stigma Scale.