Factors related to awareness of research integrity
| Variables | Autonomy of study subjects | Safety of study subjects | Appropriate record and store of study data | Completeness of images creation | Check for fabrication, falsification and plagiarism | Management of conflict of interest | Appropriate authorship | Transparency of organisational relationship | ||||||||
| n (%) | P values | n (%) | P values | n (%) | P values | n (%) | P values | n (%) | P values | n (%) | P values | n (%) | P values | n (%) | P values | |
| 598 (54) | 661 (60) | 754 (69) | 391 (36) | 609 (55) | 607 (55) | 282 (26) | 179 (16) | |||||||||
| Category of ages, years | ||||||||||||||||
| Aged <40 (n=376) | 196 (52) | 0.004* | 224 (60) | 0.01* | 242 (64) | 0.004* | 120 (32) | 0.03* | 199 (53) | 0.38 | 179 (48) | 0.0001* | 78 (21) | 0.0006* | 51 (14) | 0.14 |
| Aged 40–50 (n=353) | 175 (50) | 194 (55) | 234 (66) | 120 (34) | 205 (58) | 194 (55) | 89 (25) | 58 (16) | ||||||||
| Aged 50 or older (n=371) | 227 (61) | 243 (65) | 278 (75) | 151 (41) | 205 (55) | 234 (63) | 115 (31) | 70 (19) | ||||||||
| Specialty | ||||||||||||||||
| Internal medicine (n=518) | 298 (58) | 0.14 | 313 (60) | 0.91 | 354 (68) | 0.63 | 198 (38) | 0.19 | 286 (55) | 0.94 | 288 (56) | 0.87 | 144 (28) | 0.28 | 92 (18) | 0.12 |
| Surgery (n=308) | 158 (51) | 182 (59) | 217 (70) | 99 (32) | 169 (55) | 166 (54) | 71 (23) | 39 (13) | ||||||||
| Others (n=274) | 142 (52) | 166 (61) | 183 (67) | 94 (34) | 154 (56) | 153 (56) | 67 (24) | 48 (18) | ||||||||
| Institute | ||||||||||||||||
| University hospital or institute (n=384) | 215 (56) | 0.40 | 237 (62) | 0.72 | 274 (71) | 0.15 | 140 (36) | 0.77 | 244 (64) | 0.0002* | 235 (61) | 0.01* | 122 (32) | 0.002* | 84 (22) | 0.0014* |
| Public hospital (n=324) | 166 (51) | 191 (59) | 225 (69) | 110 (34) | 172 (53) | 173 (53) | 77 (24) | 44 (14) | ||||||||
| Private hospital (n=392) | 217 (55) | 233 (59) | 255 (65) | 141 (36) | 193 (49) | 199 (51) | 83 (21) | 51 (13) | ||||||||
| Research activities as author for the past 5 years | ||||||||||||||||
| First author (n=587) | 321 (55) | 0.39 | 349 (59) | 0.03* | 407 (69) | 0.07 | 216 (37) | 0.61 | 348 (59) | 0.001* | 329 (56) | 0.47 | 173 (29) | 0.0005* | 102 (17) | 0.55 |
| Co-author only (n=299) | 169 (57) | 196 (66) | 214 (72) | 104 (35) | 165 (55) | 168 (56) | 74 (25) | 46 (15) | ||||||||
| No author (n=214) | 108 (50) | 116 (54) | 133 (62) | 71 (33) | 96 (45) | 110 (51) | 35 (16) | 31 (14) | ||||||||
| First presenter for the past 5 years (n=619) | 343 (55) | 0.43 | 387 (63) | 0.06 | 448 (72) | 0.002* | 250 (40) | 0.0001* | 373 (60) | 0.0002* | 379 (61) | <0.0001* | 178 (29) | 0.007* | 122 (20) | 0.0004* |
| No first presenter for the past 5 years (n=481) | 255 (53) | 274 (57) | 306 (64) | 141 (29) | 236 (49) | 228 (47) | 104 (22) | 57 (12) | ||||||||
| Recalling learning content well after learning research integrity† (n=540) | 319 (59) | 0.003* | 361 (67) | <0.0001* | 395 (73) | 0.003* | 224 (41) | 0.0001* | 332 (61) | 0.0002* | 336 (62) | <0.0001* | 190 (35) | <0.0001* | 118 (22) | <0.0001* |
| Not recalling learning content after learning research integrity† (n=481) | 239 (50) | 256 (53) | 310 (64) | 144 (30) | 240 (50) | 230 (48) | 78 (16) | 53 (11) | ||||||||
| Become aware of research integrity after learning research integrity† (n=555) | 339 (61) | <0.0001* | 381 (69) | <0.0001* | 417 (75) | <0.0001* | 228 (41) | 0.0002* | 351 (63) | <0.0001* | 348 (63) | <0.0001* | 193 (35) | <0.0001* | 126 (23) | <0.0001* |
| Not become aware of research integrity after learning research integrity† (n=466) | 219 (47) | 236 (51) | 288 (62) | 140 (30) | 221 (47) | 218 (47) | 75 (16) | 45 (9.7) | ||||||||
| Recognise Ethical Guidelines (n=475) | 295 (62) | <0.0001* | 316 (67) | 0.0001* | 357 (75) | <0.0001* | 198 (42) | 0.0002* | 296 (62) | <0.0001* | 300 (63) | <0.0001* | 178 (37) | <0.0001* | 110 (23) | <0.0001* |
| Not recognise Ethical Guidelines (n=625) | 303 (48) | 345 (55) | 397 (64) | 193 (31) | 313 (50) | 307 (49) | 104 (17) | 69 (11) | ||||||||
| Recognise Clinical Trials Act (n=410) | 258 (63) | <0.0001* | 283 (69) | <0.0001* | 304 (74) | 0.002* | 172 (42) | 0.0007* | 251 (61) | 0.003* | 260 (63) | <0.0001* | 153 (37) | <0.0001* | 95 (23) | <0.0001* |
| Not recognise Clinical Trials Act (n=690) | 340 (49) | 378 (55) | 450 (65) | 219 (32) | 358 (52) | 347 (50) | 129 (19) | 84 (12) | ||||||||
| Recognise policies of ministries or agencies (n=334) | 215 (64) | <0.0001* | 224 (67) | 0.002* | 243 (73) | 0.04* | 143 (43) | 0.001* | 204 (61) | 0.01* | 205 (61) | 0.006* | 119 (36) | <0.0001* | 77 (23) | <0.0001* |
| Not recognise policies of ministries or agencies (n=766) | 383 (50) | 437 (57) | 511 (67) | 248 (32) | 405 (53) | 402 (52) | 163 (21) | 102 (13) | ||||||||
*Statistically significant.
†Among participants with experience of learning of research integrity (n=1021).