Table 2

An example of coding from the FGDs

FGDQuoteFirst-order category*Second-order themesThird-order themes
People diagnosed with TBFGD with people diagnosed with TB, 30–35 years age group, male: ‘People get criticized for having TB. The community perceives a TB patient isn’t the same as a normal person…. due to lack of awareness.’Psychosocial

  • Enacted stigma

  • Perceived stigma

  • Lack of knowledge

Stigma as social barrier to access

  • *Adapted from a WHO Medication Adherence Framework.22

  • FGD, focus group discussion; TB, tuberculosis.