Changes in outcomes
| Mean±SD | |||||
| n | Baseline | 3rd month | 6th month | P value | |
| Physiological indicators | |||||
| BMI | 24 | 25.3±5.2 | 24.7±5.2 | 24.2±5.1 | <0.001* |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 20 | 138.4±14.1 | 129.3±15.5 | 125.8±15.4 | 0.009† |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 20 | 75.8±11.8 | 70.4±8.1 | 73.2±11.9 | 0.156† |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 24 | 65.7±18.4 | – | 63.0±13.1 | 0.886‡ |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL） | 23 | 174.0±110 | – | 165.2±78.5 | 0.976‡ |
| non-HDL-c (mg/dL） | 23 | 138.8±35.3 | – | 122.3±30.5 | 0.017§ |
| HbA1c (%) | 24 | 8.0±1.2 | 7.4±1.1 | 7.0±0.9 | <0.001* |
| Number of steps per day | 20 | 7762.8±2831.9 | 7597.4±3509.1 | 7247.8±3331.5 | 0.271† |
| QOL | |||||
| EuroQOL-5D-5L (score) | 24 | 0.86±0.11 | – | 0.89±0.12 | 0.031§ |
| Subjective health status (%) | 24 | 75.1±16.8 | – | 80.9±14.5 | 0.016§ |
| Quality of sleep | |||||
| ISI (score) | 24 | 6.4±4.2 | – | 6.4±4.8 | 1.000§ |
| PSQI (score) | 24 | 4.9±2.7 | – | 5.5±3.4 | 0.207§ |
| JESS (score) | 23 | 4.7±3.2 | – | 4.5±3.2 | 0.739§ |
*Friedman test.
†ANOVA.
‡Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
§T-test.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; JESS, Japanese version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; QOL, quality of life; SBP, systolic blood pressure.