Social factors related to positive tests for children presenting with symptoms and those without symptoms
| No symptoms | Symptoms | ||||||
| Exposure variable (n=total, asymptomatic, symptomatic) | Reporting exposure (n, %) | SARS-CoV-2 positive (n, %) | SARS CoV-2 negative (n, %) | OR* (95% CI) | SARS CoV-2 positive (n, %) | SARS CoV-2 negative (n, %) | OR* (95% CI) |
| Suspected contact with individuals infected with COVID-19 | |||||||
| Family member currently sick (n=418t, 319s, 99n) | 79 (19) | 20 (43) | 11 (21) | 2.8 (1.1 to 6.7), p=0.03 | 14 (10) | 34 (18) | 0.5 (0.4 to 1.0), p=0.05 |
| Family member history of suspected of COVID (n=418t, 319s, 99n) | 172 (41) | 24 (52) | 29 (55) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.9), p=0.69 | 55 (41) | 64 (35) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.2), p=0.19 |
| Knows sick people at school (n=330t, 247s, 83n) | 62 (19) | 9 (23) | 12 (28) | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.9), p=0.46 | 12 (12) | 29 (20) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3), p=0.19 |
| Knows sick people at work (n=347t, 266s, 81n) | 74 (21) | 11 (28) | 5 (12) | 2.9 (0.9 to 9.6), p=0.07 | 22 (20%) | 36 (23) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7), p=0.77 |
| Knows sick people in neighbourhood (n=365t, 276s, 89n) | 82 (22) | 10 (24) | 15 (32) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.7), p=0.37 | 22 (19) | 35 (22) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7), p=0.88 |
| Household characteristics | |||||||
| Family size (n=399t, 305s, 94n) | |||||||
| 1–3 people | 55 (13) | 7 (15) | 12 (23) | ref | 11 (8) | 25 (14) | ref |
| 4–6 people | 263 (63) | 27 (59) | 34 (64%) | 1.3 (0.4 to 3.8) p=0.64 | 85 (63) | 117 (64) | 1.8 (0.8 to 4.0), p=0.12 |
| >6 people | 100 (24) | 12 (26) | 7 (13) | 2.6 (.7 to 9.9) p=0.16 | 39 (29) | 42 (23) | 2.2 (0.9 to 5.1), p=0.07 |
| Any children attending school (n=364t, 277s, 87n) | 147 (40) | 16 (40) | 16 (34) | 1.4 (.5 to 3.5), p=0.51 | 38 (33) | 77 (48) | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.0), p=0.04 |
| Outside activities | |||||||
| Child attends school (n=412t, 313s, 99n) | 133 (32) | 16 (35) | 15 (28) | 1.2 (0.8 to 2.0) p=0.40 | 30 (23) | 72 (40) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0), p=0.08 |
| Family school transport (n=145t, 111s, 34n) | |||||||
| Car/walking versus | 129 (89) | 11 (65) | 15 (88) | 0.2 (0.1 to 1.5), p=0.13 | 29 (83) | 74 (97) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.8), p=0.03 |
| Bus (public or school) | 16 (11) | 6 (35) | 2 (12) | 6 (17) | 2 (3) | ||
| Number of people who work outside home (n=383t, 291s, 92n) | |||||||
| 0–1 | 172 (45) | 22 (52) | 26 (48) | 1.0 (0.2 to 4.6), p=1.0 | 48 (38) | 79 (48) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.0), p=0.05 |
| 2 | 149 (39) | 20 (48) | 21 (5%) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.8), p=0.80 | 41 (33) | 62 (38) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1), p=0.09 |
| 3 or more | 62 (16) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | ref | 37 (29) | 24 (15) | ref |
| Many activities outside home (n=329t, 245s, 84n) | 162 (49) | 15 (35) | 16 (39) | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.8), p=0.82 | 58 (55) | 73 (53) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.9), p=0.66 |
| Prevention behaviours | |||||||
| Child wears a mask (n=366t, 277s, 89n) | 216 (59) | 29 (67) | 37 (80) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.4), p=0.19 | 49 (41) | 101 (64) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7), p=0.001 |
| Family wears a mask (n=394t, 300s, 94n) | 173 (44) | 20 (44) | 31 (63) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.1), p=0.10 | 51 (40) | 71 (41) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6), p=0.90 |
| Tutors wears a mask (n=407t, 310s, 97n) | 376 (92) | 44 (98) | 48 (92) | 4.2 (0.4 to 40.2), p=0.21 | 116 (87) | 168 (95) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.7), p=0.005 |
| Visitors wear a mask (n=397t, 299s, 98n) | 207 (52) | 25 (54) | 33 (63) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.5), p=0.18 | 64 (51) | 85 (49) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6), p=0.91 |
| Family physically distances when visits (n=351t, 264s, 87n) | 124 (35) | 21 (55) | 27 (55) | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.4), p=0.98 | 31 (12) | 45 (30) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6), p=0.78 |
| Visitors physically distance when visiting (n=351t, 264s, 87n) | 162 (46%) | 23 (59%) | 29 (60%) | 0.9 (0.4,to 2.2), p=0.83 | 44 (41%) | 66 (42%) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6), p=0.87 |
| Talks about COVID-19 with neighbours (n=383t, 295s, 88n) | 187 (49%) | 23 (55%) | 29 (63%) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.7), p=0.42 | 58 (46%) | 77 (46%) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7), p=0.88 |
Bold values are considered statistically significant.
*Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted ORs with 95% CI, % use sample size as denoted in column 1 (t=total sample size for that variable, s=sample size for the symptomatic children, n=sample size for the non-symptomatic children), proportion is for the total that answered ‘yes’ to the factor of interest or the categories as noted. ORs for a positive test were calculated using the ‘no’ response as reference.