Baseline characteristics
| Malawi n=50 | Mozambique n=48 | Overall n=98 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 56.2 (11.6) | 54.2 (7.8) | 55.2 (9.9) |
| Gender (female) | 30 (60.0) | 31 (64.6) | 61 (62.2) |
| Duration T2DM (years) | 6.8 (5.5) | 8.81 (5.9) | 7.79 (5.8) |
| Medical history (n, %) | |||
| Hypertension | 39 (78.0) | 29 (60.4) | 68 (69.4) |
| High cholesterol | 2 (4.0) | 20 (41.7) | 22 (22.5) |
| Last time cholesterol checked (months)* | 0 (0–9) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–3) |
| Stroke | 5 (10.0) | 1 (2.1) | 6 (6.1) |
| Heart disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.0) |
| Tuberculosis | 4 (8.0) | 4 (8.3) | 8 (8.2) |
| Biomedical characteristics | |||
| HbA1c (%)* | 9.7 (7.9–14.7) | 9.6 (7.6–14.7) | 9.6 (7.7–14.7) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol)* | 102.6 (48.4) | 95.1 (46.5) | 98.9 (47.4) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)* | 7.5 (5.5–10.3) | 9.0 (6.5–13.2) | 8.1 (6.2–12.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)† | 5.1 (1.3) | 4.7 (0.9) | 4.9 (1.2) |
| HDL (mmol/L)† | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) |
| LDL (mmol/L)† | 3.4 (1.0) | 2.8 (0.9) | 3.1 (1.0) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)* | 1.5 (1.0–1.9) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg)† | 136.8 (20.6) | 142.8 (22.6) | 139.7 (21.7) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg)† | 86.8 (8.9) | 89.6 (10.8) | 88.2 (9.9) |
| Weight (kg)† | 71.2 (13.9) | 82.2 (17.8) | 76.5 (16.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 27.4 (5.3) | 29.5 (6.4) | 28.5 (6.0) |
| BMI categories | |||
| Normal (20–24.9 kg/m2)† | 11 (23.4) | 10 (21.3) | 21 (22.3) |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2)† | 19 (40.4) | 14 (29.8) | 33 (35.1) |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2)† | 17 (36.2) | 23 (48.9) | 40 (42.6) |
| Waist circumference (cm)† | 91.8 (12.6) | 95.6 (15.5) | 93.6 (14.2) |
*Median (IQR) for non-normally distributed variables.
†Mean (SD) for normally distributed variables.
BMI, Body Mass Index; BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.