Delirium and neuropsychological outcomes
| All patients (n=148) | Delirium (n=108) | No delirium (n=40) | P value | |
| Delirium measures | ||||
| Delirium, n (%) | 108 (73) | 108 (100) | – | – |
| Duration of delirium, days (IQR) | 10 (4–17) | 10 (4–17) | – | – |
| Agitation n, (%) | – | 54 (50) | – | – |
| Antipsychotic use, n (%) | 43 (29%) | 42 (39) | 1 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Evidence of delirium reversal, n (%) | – | 71 (66) | – | – |
| ICU liberation bundle activity compliance rate, % (IQR) | ||||
| Mobility exercises | 40 (28–67) | 37 (26–55) | 62 (31–152) | 0.009 |
| Familiar objects at bedside | 14 (4.4–31) | 14 (5.9–25) | 18 (0–62) | 0.38 |
| Daily visual and hearing aids | 33 (13–76) | 27 (13–63) | 77 (14–213) | 0.005 |
| Daily spontaneous awakening/breathing trials | 14 (2.3–25) | 14 (7.9–25) | 6.7 (0–23) | 0.07 |
| Psychiatric outcomes | ||||
| New antidepressant use, n (%) | 30 (20) | 27 (25) | 3 (7.5) | 0.01 |
| New psychiatry consults, n (%) | 21 (14) | 21 (19) | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
Delirium prevention measures are based on the standard ICU liberation bundle protocols (see text for details). Per institutional protocol, clinicians conduct mobility exercises three times daily, place familiar objects at the bedside once daily, promote visual and hearing aid use daily and conduct daily spontaneous awakening/breathing trials daily (if eligible). Given this schedule, compliance/occurrence rates (%) were calculated for each patient by calculating the total number of activities charted divided by the total number expected based on length of ICU stay (day of ICU discharge was not counted).
ICU, intensive care unit.