Table 1

Baseline characteristics of development and validation patient cohorts median (‘M’) and quartile range (‘Q1’=first quartile; ‘Q3’=third quartile) are presented for all continuous variables

	% missing	All patients			Discharged			In hospital			Dead
A. Development data		n=5831			n=5070			n=132			n=629
Male sex	0	57	%		56	%		64	%		64	%
		M	Q1	Q3	M	Q1	Q3	M	Q1	Q3	M	Q1	Q3
Age (years)	0	70	58	80	69	56	78	71	62	79	78	70	84
BMI (kg/m²)	58	26	23	30	26	23	30	25	23	29	26	23	30
HR (bpm)	39	90	78	103	90	78	103	87	76	99	93	80	107
SBP (mmHg)	42	133	118	150	133	119	151	136	115	152	131	114	145
RR (/min)	42	19	16	23	19	16	23	20	17	24	23	19	28
Saturation (%)	41	95.8	94.0	97.5	96.0	94.3	97.8	95.4	93.6	97.0	94.1	91.9	96.0
Temperature (°C)	40	37.3	36.7	38.1	37.3	36.7	38.0	37.5	37.0	38.1	37.4	36.7	38.1
CRP (mg/L)	7	48	10	118	43	8	110	85	34	160	91	41	180
D dimer (µg/L)	64	1100	527	2545	1028	504	2300	1950	719	8110	2100	949	4772
LDH (U/L)	18	244	200	322	237	197	302	300	234	422	338	253	492
Leucocytes (×10⁹/L)	7	9.1	6.7	12.7	9.1	6.7	12.6	9.4	6.5	12.5	9.2	6.4	14.0
Lymphocytes (×10⁹/L)	16	1.04	0.66	1.6	1.10	0.7	1.7	0.80	0.54	1.3	0.80	0.51	1.3
Albumin (g/L)	15	39	36	42	40	36	43	37	34	41	36	33	39
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)	45	23.6	21	26	24	22	26	23	21	26	22	20	25
Creatinine (µmol/L)	8	84	66	111	82	65	107	89	66	111	102	75	153
Eosinophils (×10⁹/L)	26	0.03	0.00	0.10	0.03	0.01	0.10	0.03	0.00	0.10	0.01	0.00	0.10
MCV (fL)	7	90	87	94	90	86	94	90	88	94	91	87	96
Monocytes (×10⁹/L)	30	0.67	0.44	0.95	0.68	0.45	0.95	0.59	0.33	0.83	0.61	0.33	0.94
Neutrophils (×10⁹/L)	16	5.6	2.2	9.0	5.6	2.2	8.9	7.0	4.0	10.3	5.5	1.8	9.1
Sodium (mmol/L)	9	138	135	140	138	135	140	137	133	141	137	134	140
Urea (mmol/L)	9	6.5	4.6	9.7	6.2	4.5	9.0	7.4	5.1	11.0	9.6	6.6	15.0
B. Validation data		n=3252			n=2854			n=72			n=326
Male sex	0	56	%		56	%		46	%		61	%
		M	Q1	Q3	M	Q1	Q3	M	Q1	Q3	M	Q1	Q3
Age (years)	0	71	58	80	69	55	79	72	58	82	79	73	85
BMI (kg/m²)	59	26	23	30	26	23	30	26	24	30	25	22	29
HR (bpm)	40	90	78	105	90	78	104	84	75	106	92	78	105
SBP (mmHg)	43	134	119	151	135	120	152	134	122	149	129	110	141
RR (/min)	43	20	16	24	20	16	24	20	17	26	23	19	27
Saturation (%)	40	95.7	94.0	97.5	96.0	94.0	97.7	95.5	94.0	97.0	94.8	92.3	96.5
Temperature (°C)	42	37.3	36.7	38.1	37.3	36.7	38.1	37.3	36.8	38.1	37.2	36.4	38.0
CRP (mg/L)	9	57	16	124	54	15	120	76	21	169	80	33	159
D dimer (µg/L)	76	1060	531	2170	1013	490	2012	1080	640	2570	1495	870	3724
LDH (U/L)	22	247	203	334	242	200	317	281	226	390	315	238	489
Leucocytes (×10⁹/L)	10	9.4	6.6	12.9	9.4	6.6	12.9	9.6	7.0	13.2	9.5	6.8	13.3
Lymphocytes (×10⁹/L)	20	0.98	0.62	1.50	1.00	0.64	1.50	1.10	0.72	1.53	0.71	0.48	1.20
Albumin (g/L)	20	39	35	42	39	35	42	36	32	39	36	32	40
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)	50	23.5	21	26	23.6	21	26	22.8	20	27	22.8	20	25
Creatinine (µmol/L)	10	84	66	116	83	65	111	80	58	118	103	74	158
Eosinophils (×10⁹/L)	27	0.03	0.01	0.10	0.03	0.01	0.10	0.03	0.01	0.09	0.03	0.00	0.04
MCV (fL)	10	90	87	94	90	87	94	92	88	95	91	88	96
Monocytes (×10⁹/L)	30	0.67	0.43	0.98	0.67	0.44	0.98	0.57	0.38	1.00	0.58	0.36	0.97
Neutrophils (×10⁹/L)	21	5.8	2.4	9.4	5.8	2.4	9.4	6.6	3.3	9.1	5.6	2.2	9.4
Sodium (mmol/L)	11	137	134	139	137	134	139	136	133	139	137	133	140
Urea (mmol/L)	11	6.9	4.9	10.4	6.6	4.7	9.8	7.3	5.3	11.8	10.3	7.4	17.0

Status, ‘all patients’, ‘discharged’, ‘in hospital’ and ‘dead’ is measured at 28 days after hospital admission.
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein; HR, heart rate; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure.