Non-standard goniometric measurement landmarks
| Joint | Landmark |
| Cervical | Fulcrum: external auditory meatus Moving arm: base of nose Stationary arm: perpendicular to crown of the head |
| Thoracolumbar | Fulcrum: centred between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) Moving arm: perpendicular down between the angle of the ASIS and PSIS Stationary arm: in line with radius |
| Wrist | Fulcrum: radial styloid Moving arm: in line with second metacarpal Stationary arm: in line with radius |