Participants’ beliefs in the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and/or Western medicine in preventing COVID-19
| Prevention methods | Total (n=754) | Male (n=258) | Female (n=496) | χ2(1) | P value |
| TCM | 368 (48.8) | 115 (44.6) | 253 (51.0) | 2.812 | 0.107 |
| TCM, but not western medicine | 240 (31.8) | 64 (24.6) | 176 (35.5) | 8.918 | 0.003* |
| TCM and western medicine | 128 (17.0) | 51 (19.8) | 77 (15.5) | 2.168 | 0.153 |
| Western medicine | 157 (20.8) | 68 (26.4) | 89 (17.9) | 7.286 | 0.008* |
| Western medicine, but not TCM | 29 (3.8) | 17 (6.6) | 12 (2.4) | 7.979 | 0.006* |
| Neither TCM nor Western medicine | 357 (47.3) | 126 (48.8) | 231 (46.6) | 0.349 | 0.591 |
*Indicates a statistically significant difference between males and females at the level of 0.05 for the two-sided Pearson χ2 test.