KMC experience during hospital stay
| Vaginal delivery (N=289) | C-section (N=463) | Total (N=752) | |
| Length of hospital stay (day, mean±SD) | 2.42 (1.25) | 4.35 (2.08) | 3.60 (2.04) |
| KMC total frequency (times, mean±SD) | 2.73 (1.54) | 3.98 (1.61) | 3.50 (1.70) |
| KMC total duration (min, mean±SD) | 198.93 (180.22) | 274.33 (213.98) | 241.12 (205.89) |
| KMC frequency per day (times, mean±SD) | 1.26 (0.79) | 0.99 (0.42) | 1.09 (0.61) |
| KMC average duration per session (min, mean±SD) | 68.93 (83.27) | 66.64 (36.48) | 67.52 (58.99) |
| <1 hour | 92 (31.8%) | 208 (44.9%) | 300 (39.9%) |
| 1–2 hours | 142 (49.1%) | 201 (43.3%) | 343 (45.6%) |
| 2–4 hours | 39 (13.5%) | 32 (6.9%) | 71 (9.4%) |
| 4–6 hours | 7 (2.4%) | 1 (0.2%) | 8 (1.1%) |
| 6–8 hours | 0 | 5 (1.1%) | 5 (0.7%) |
| >8 hours | 9 (3.1%) | 16 (3.5%) | 25 (3.3%) |
| Had heard of KMC before | 55 (19.0%) | 86 (18.6%) | 141 (18.8%) |
| Source of KMC knowledge (multiple choice, among those who had heard of KMC before) | |||
| Medical staff | 33 (60.0%) | 53 (61.6%) | 86 (61.0%) |
| People with KMC experience | 4 (7.3%) | 4 (4.7%) | 8 (5.7%) |
| Family and friend | 9 (16.4%) | 9 (10.5%) | 18 (12.8%) |
| Media | 13 (23.6%) | 17 (19.8%) | 30 (21.3%) |
| Internet | 11 (20.0%) | 19 (22.1%) | 30 (21.3%) |
| Experienced difficulty during KMC | 23 (8.0%) | 60 (13.0%) | 83 (11.0%) |
| Reasons to discontinue KMC (multiple choice) | |||
| Prearranged time limitation | 81 (28.0%) | 118 (25.5%) | 199 (26.5%) |
| Break | 52 (18.0%) | 89 (19.2%) | 141 (18.8%) |
| Restroom use | 139 (48.1%) | 199 (43.0%) | 338 (45.0%) |
| Feeding | 59 (20.4%) | 102 (22.0%) | 161 (21.4%) |
| Sleeping | 50 (17.3%) | 75 (16.2%) | 125 (16.6%) |
| Infant crying | 111 (38.4%) | 161 (34.8%) | 272 (36.2%) |
| Did not pause | 23 (8.0%) | 31 (6.7%) | 54 (7.2%) |
| Received family support for KMC | 276 (95.5%) | 442 (95.5%) | 718 (95.5%) |
| Received medical staff support for KMC | 278 (96.2%) | 437 (94.4%) | 715 (95.1%) |
| Type of support received (multiple choice, among those received support) | |||
| Expressing breast milk | 74 (26.6%) | 125 (28.6%) | 199 (27.8%) |
| Feeding posture adjustment | 191 (68.7%) | 279 (63.8%) | 470 (65.7%) |
| Feeding reminder | 115 (41.4%) | 187 (42.8%) | 302 (42.2%) |
| KMC posture adjustment | 253 (91.0%) | 391 (89.5%) | 644 (90.1%) |
| Consolation and comforting | 120 (43.2%) | 191 (43.7%) | 311 (43.5%) |
| Infant condition observation guidance | 219 (78.8%) | 335 (76.7%) | 554 (77.5%) |
| Intention to continue KMC postdischarge | 271 (93.8%) | 431 (93.1%) | 702 (93.4%) |
Values are n(%).
KMC, kangaroo mother care.