Table 1

ASR (standardised to the European Standard Population) of drug poisoning deaths, per 100 000 of the general population, with APC identified for specific change points and overall AAPC, 2004–2017, among men in Ireland

Men
Drug group	Period	ASR per 100 000 population at change points identified*		APC, % (95% CI)	AAPC, % (95% CI)
Drug group	Period	Start	End	APC, % (95% CI)	AAPC, % (95% CI)
All drug poisoning deaths	2004–2007	8.51	11.50	13.2 (1.6 to 26.1)***
	2007–2017	11.50	11.19	−0.3 (−1.9 to 1.2)
	2004–2017	8.51	11.19		2.6 (0.2 to 5.1)***
Any CNS depressant drug	2004–2008	6.91	9.75	10.1 (3.3 to 17.3)***
	2008–2017	9.75	8.57	−1.1 (−2.7 to 0.6)
	2004–2017	6.91	8.57		2.2 (0.3 to 4.3)***
Two or more CNS depressant drugs	2004–2011	2.29	5.67	10.8 (5.9 to 16.0)***
	2011–2017	5.67	4.95	−0.2 (−5.4 to 5.3)
	2004–2017	2.29	4.95		5.6 (2.4 to 8.8)***
Prescription opioids	2004–2017	2.76	3.96		3.5 (1.6 to 5.5)***
Benzodiazepines	2004–2017	1.56	3.96		7.2 (2.9 to 11.6)***
Antidepressants	2004–2017	0.70	1.50		6.1 (2.4 to 10.0)***
Alcohol	2004–2017	4.12	3.83		−0.9 (−3.2 to 1.4)
Cocaine	2004–2006	0.64	2.19	107.3 (56 to 175.6)***
	2006–2010	2.19	0.64	−25.0 (−35.1 to −13.3)***
	2010–2017	0.64	1.58	9.9 (5.6 to 14.3)***
	2004–2017	0.64	1.58		7.7 (2.2 to 13.6)***
Heroin	2004–2006	0.61	2.70	83.4 (−33.7 to 407.7)
	2006–2017	2.70	2.64	−1.1 (−4.5 to 2.5)
	2004–2017	0.61	2.64		8.8 (−5.2 to 24.9)

The APC was reported for time periods where a statistically significant trend change occurred.
Change point is a specific time period where a statistically significant trend change occurred.
Variables signiﬁcant at ***p<0.001.
*ASR per 100 000 population at the start and end of the change points identified and at the start and end of the study period.
AAPC, average annual percentage change; APC, annual percentage change; ASR, age-standardised rate; CNS, Central Nervous System.