Men | |||||
Drug group | Period | ASR per 100 000 population at change points identified* | APC, % (95% CI) | AAPC, % (95% CI) | |
Start | End | ||||
All drug poisoning deaths | 2004–2007 | 8.51 | 11.50 | 13.2 (1.6 to 26.1)*** | |
2007–2017 | 11.50 | 11.19 | −0.3 (−1.9 to 1.2) | ||
2004–2017 | 8.51 | 11.19 | 2.6 (0.2 to 5.1)*** | ||
Any CNS depressant drug | 2004–2008 | 6.91 | 9.75 | 10.1 (3.3 to 17.3)*** | |
2008–2017 | 9.75 | 8.57 | −1.1 (−2.7 to 0.6) | ||
2004–2017 | 6.91 | 8.57 | 2.2 (0.3 to 4.3)*** | ||
Two or more CNS depressant drugs | 2004–2011 | 2.29 | 5.67 | 10.8 (5.9 to 16.0)*** | |
2011–2017 | 5.67 | 4.95 | −0.2 (−5.4 to 5.3) | ||
2004–2017 | 2.29 | 4.95 | 5.6 (2.4 to 8.8)*** | ||
Prescription opioids | 2004–2017 | 2.76 | 3.96 | 3.5 (1.6 to 5.5)*** | |
Benzodiazepines | 2004–2017 | 1.56 | 3.96 | 7.2 (2.9 to 11.6)*** | |
Antidepressants | 2004–2017 | 0.70 | 1.50 | 6.1 (2.4 to 10.0)*** | |
Alcohol | 2004–2017 | 4.12 | 3.83 | −0.9 (−3.2 to 1.4) | |
Cocaine | 2004–2006 | 0.64 | 2.19 | 107.3 (56 to 175.6)*** | |
2006–2010 | 2.19 | 0.64 | −25.0 (−35.1 to −13.3)*** | ||
2010–2017 | 0.64 | 1.58 | 9.9 (5.6 to 14.3)*** | ||
2004–2017 | 0.64 | 1.58 | 7.7 (2.2 to 13.6)*** | ||
Heroin | 2004–2006 | 0.61 | 2.70 | 83.4 (−33.7 to 407.7) | |
2006–2017 | 2.70 | 2.64 | −1.1 (−4.5 to 2.5) | ||
2004–2017 | 0.61 | 2.64 | 8.8 (−5.2 to 24.9) |
The APC was reported for time periods where a statistically significant trend change occurred.
Change point is a specific time period where a statistically significant trend change occurred.
Variables significant at ***p<0.001.
*ASR per 100 000 population at the start and end of the change points identified and at the start and end of the study period.
AAPC, average annual percentage change; APC, annual percentage change; ASR, age-standardised rate; CNS, Central Nervous System.