Sociodemographic characteristics of study sample, overall and by diabetes type
| Sociodemographic characteristics | Total n=667 | T1DM 120 (17.99%) | T2DM 547 (82.01%) |
| Age, mean (SD) | |||
| Years | 51.85 (14.57) | 45.96 (14.43) | 53.14 (14.29) |
| Age (categorical), n (%) | |||
| ≥18 and ≤40 years | 180 (26.99) | 51 (42.50) | 129 (23.58) |
| ≥41 and ≤64 years | 332 (49.78) | 53 (44.17) | 279 (51.01) |
| ≥65 and ≤74 years | 123 (18.44) | 11 (9.17) | 112 (20.48) |
| ≥75 years | 32 (4.80) | 5 (4.17) | 27 (4.94) |
| Sex assigned at birth, n (%) | |||
| Male | 326 (48.88) | 40 (33.33) | 286 (52.29) |
| Female | 341 (51.12) | 80 (66.67) | 261 (47.71) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 555 (83.21) | 111 (92.50) | 444 (81.17) |
| Black or African American | 52 (7.80) | 3 (2.50) | 49 (8.96) |
| Asian | 17 (2.55) | 3 (2.50) | 14 (2.56) |
| Hispanic, Latino/Latina or Spanish origin | 13 (1.95) | 1 (0.83) | 12 (2.19) |
| American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 4 (0.60) | 0 | 4 (0.73) |
| Multiracial | 23 (3.45) | 2 (1.67) | 21 (3.84) |
| Other | 3 (0.45) | 0 | 3 (0.55) |
| Hispanic, Latino/Latina or Spanish origin, n (%) | |||
| Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano | 27 (4.05) | 2 (1.67) | 25 (4.57) |
| Puerto Rican | 6 (0.90) | 1 (0.83) | 5 (0.91) |
| Cuban | 2 (0.30) | 0 | 2 (0.37) |
| Other Hispanic, Latino/Latina or Spanish origin | 3 (0.45) | 1 (0.83) | 2 (0.37) |
| Not of Hispanic, Latino/Latina or Spanish origin | 629 (94.30) | 116 (96.67) | 513 (93.78) |
| Highest level of education, n (%) | |||
| Elementary or high school (no diploma) | 10 (1.50) | 3 (2.50) | 7 (1.28) |
| High school diploma or General Educational Development (GED)/alternative credential | 101 (15.14) | 19 (15.83) | 82 (14.99) |
| College degree or some college | 425 (63.72) | 75 (62.50) | 350 (63.99) |
| Degree beyond completing first college bachelor’s degree | 131 (19.64) | 23 (19.17) | 108 (19.74) |
| Current employment status, n (%) | |||
| Employed full time or part-time (including self-employment) | 346 (51.87) | 73 (60.83) | 273 (49.91) |
| Temporarily laid off/temporarily unemployed due to a health issue | 4 (0.60) | 1 (0.83) | 3 (0.55) |
| Unable to work due to disability | 84 (12.59) | 11 (9.17) | 73 (13.35) |
| Unemployed | 55 (8.25) | 15 (12.50) | 40 (7.31) |
| Student | 4 (0.60) | 1 (0.83) | 3 (0.55) |
| Retired | 174 (26.09) | 19 (15.83) | 155 (28.34) |
| Total annual household income (before taxes and deductions), n (%) | |||
| <$24 999 | 107 (16.21) | 13 (11.21) | 94 (17.28) |
| $25 000 to $54 999 | 173 (26.21) | 25 (21.55) | 148 (27.21) |
| $55 000 to $84 999 | 142 (21.52) | 39 (33.62) | 103 (18.93) |
| $85 000 to $114 999 | 109 (16.52) | 22 (18.97) | 87 (15.99) |
| ≥$115 000 | 129 (19.55) | 17 (14.66) | 112 (20.59) |
| Current healthcare insurance, n (%) | |||
| Insurance through a current or former employer or union that is not a high-deductible plan* | 153 (22.94) | 36 (30.00) | 117 (21.39) |
| Insurance purchased directly from an insurance company that is not a high-deductible plan* | 49 (7.35) | 11 (9.17) | 38 (6.95) |
| High-deductible plan* | 34 (5.10) | 11 (9.17) | 23 (4.20) |
| Medicare | 77 (11.54) | 7 (5.83) | 70 (12.80) |
| Medicaid, Medical Assistance or other government assistance plan | 74 (11.09) | 17 (14.17) | 57 (10.42) |
| TRICARE and Veterans Affairs | 9 (1.35) | 2 (1.67) | 7 (1.28) |
| Other | 5 (0.75) | 2 (1.67) | 3 (0.55) |
| Two or more insurance plans | 257 (38.53) | 32 (26.67) | 225 (41.13) |
| No insurance coverage at all | 9 (1.35) | 2 (1.67) | 7 (1.28) |
Responses may not sum to total (n=667) due to missing data.
*High-deductible plan: deductible >$1350 for an individual or >$2700 for a family.
T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.