Hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19 | P value | ||
No (n=29 886) | Yes (n=69) | ||
Age, mean (SD) | 61.2 (4.5) | 61.9 (4.8) | 0.226 |
Men | 14 483 (48.5) | 52 (75.4) | <0.001 |
Born outside of Sweden | 4725 (16.3) | 22 (32.4) | <0.001 |
Education | |||
High school or less | 2700 (9.3) | 12 (17.9) | |
Vocational | 13 218 (45.5) | 31 (46.3) | |
University | 13 125 (45.2) | 24 (35.8) | 0.036 |
Weight status | |||
Normal weight | 10 738 (35.9) | 8 (11.6) | |
Overweight | 12 814 (42.9) | 36 (52.2) | |
Obesity | 6332 (21.2) | 25 (36.2) | <0.001 |
Body mass index in kg/m2, mean (SD) | 27.0 (4.5) | 30.0 (5.3) | <0.001 |
Diabetes status | |||
Normoglycaemia | 22 774 (76.6) | 32 (46.4) | |
Pre-diabetes | 4727 (15.9) | 20 (29.0) | |
Diabetes | 2240 (7.5) | 17 (24.6) | <0.001 |
Waist-hip ratio, mean (SD) | 0.92 (0.09) | 0.98 (0.09) | <0.001 |
Current smoking | 3785 (13.1) | 6 (9) | 0.317 |
Sedentary time per day in hours, mean (SD) | 6.9 (3.5) | 8.3 (4.5) | 0.009 |
Blood pressure measurement | |||
Normotensive | 23 285 (78.3) | 50 (72.5) | |
Grade 1 hypertension | 5129 (17.3) | 12 (17.4) | |
Grade 2 hypertension | 1319 (4.4) | 7 (10.1) | 0.069 |
Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 125.9 (17.0) | 133.5 (19.5) | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 77.5 (10.5) | 81.0 (12.4) | 0.006 |
Triglycerides in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.8) | 1.6 (1.1) | <0.001 |
HDL in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.4) | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.3 (1.0) | 0.068 |
LDL cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.3 (0.9) | 0.360 |
Glycated haemoglobin in mmol/mol, mean (SD) | 36.6 (6.4) | 39.7 (9.3) | <0.001 |
Creatinine in µmol/L, mean (SD) | 77.7 (16.4) | 86.2 (37.9) | <0.001 |
Coronary artery calcium score, mean (SD) | 61.6 (229.5) | 90.2 (199.6) | 0.053* |
Numbers are shown in N (%) unless otherwise indicated.
*Because 17 016 of the participants had a score of 0, the p value calculated using the χ2 with five categories: 0 and quartiles of score among participants with a score of >0.
HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; SCAPIS, Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.