Table 1

Characteristics of SCAPIS participants by experience of hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19 between 31 January and 12 September 2020

Hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19P value
No (n=29 886)Yes (n=69)
Age, mean (SD)61.2 (4.5)61.9 (4.8)0.226
Men14 483 (48.5)52 (75.4)<0.001
Born outside of Sweden4725 (16.3)22 (32.4)<0.001
Education
 High school or less2700 (9.3)12 (17.9)
 Vocational13 218 (45.5)31 (46.3)
 University13 125 (45.2)24 (35.8)0.036
Weight status
 Normal weight10 738 (35.9)8 (11.6)
 Overweight12 814 (42.9)36 (52.2)
 Obesity6332 (21.2)25 (36.2)<0.001
 Body mass index in kg/m2, mean (SD)27.0 (4.5)30.0 (5.3)<0.001
Diabetes status
 Normoglycaemia22 774 (76.6)32 (46.4)
 Pre-diabetes4727 (15.9)20 (29.0)
 Diabetes2240 (7.5)17 (24.6)<0.001
 Waist-hip ratio, mean (SD)0.92 (0.09)0.98 (0.09)<0.001
 Current smoking3785 (13.1)6 (9)0.317
 Sedentary time per day in hours, mean (SD)6.9 (3.5)8.3 (4.5)0.009
Blood pressure measurement
 Normotensive23 285 (78.3)50 (72.5)
 Grade 1 hypertension5129 (17.3)12 (17.4)
 Grade 2 hypertension1319 (4.4)7 (10.1)0.069
 Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD)125.9 (17.0)133.5 (19.5)<0.001
 Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD)77.5 (10.5)81.0 (12.4)0.006
 Triglycerides in mmol/L, mean (SD)1.2 (0.8)1.6 (1.1)<0.001
 HDL in mmol/L, mean (SD)1.6 (0.5)1.3 (0.4)<0.001
 Total cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD)5.5 (1.1)5.3 (1.0)0.068
 LDL cholesterol in mmol/L, mean (SD)3.4 (1.0)3.3 (0.9)0.360
 Glycated haemoglobin in mmol/mol, mean (SD)36.6 (6.4)39.7 (9.3)<0.001
 Creatinine in µmol/L, mean (SD)77.7 (16.4)86.2 (37.9)<0.001
 Coronary artery calcium score, mean (SD)61.6 (229.5)90.2 (199.6)0.053*
  • Numbers are shown in N (%) unless otherwise indicated.

  • *Because 17 016 of the participants had a score of 0, the p value calculated using the χ2 with five categories: 0 and quartiles of score among participants with a score of >0.

  • HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; SCAPIS, Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.