Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the association between baseline characteristics and the outcome of a pain-related visit
| Age | ||
| <6 years | Reference | |
| 6–11 years | 5.21 (4.14 to 6.55) | <0.001 |
| 12–18 years | 5.25 (4.23 to 6.52) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | Reference | |
| Male | 1.1 (0.89 to 1.39) | 0.344 |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | Reference | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 1.05 (0.87 to 1.25) | 0.629 |
| Race | ||
| White | Reference | |
| Black | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.06) | 0.186 |
| Other | 0.48 (0.29 to 0.81) | 0.006 |
| Region | ||
| Northeast | Reference | |
| Midwest | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.32) | 0.907 |
| South | 0.95 (0.71 to 1.27) | 0.716 |
| West | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.16) | 0.352 |
| Arrived in EMS | ||
| Yes | Reference | |
| No | 1.48 (0.91 to 2.43) | 0.116 |
| Blank/unknown | 1.58 (0.90 to 2.75) | 0.108 |
| Triage (immediacy) | ||
| No triage for visit, but ESA | 1.06 (0.40 to 2.83) | 0.876 |
| Immediate | 0.91 (0.20, 4.21) | 0.870 |
| Emergent | 1.99 (1.14 to 3.48) | 0.002 |
| Urgent | Reference | |
| Semi-urgent | 0.95 (0.71 to 1.27) | 0.649 |
| Non-urgent | 2.20 (1.15 to 4.18) | 0.002 |
| Blank/unknown | 1.03 (0.73 to 1.44) | 0.844 |
| Primary payer | ||
| Private insurance | Reference | |
| Medicare | 1.10 (0.29 to 4.21) | 0.883 |
| Medicaid or CHIP | 0.75 (0.60 to 0.93) | 0.008 |
| Self pay | 0.76 (0.50 to 1.16) | 0.200 |
| Worker’s compensation | 2.04 (0.30 to 13.95) | 0.462 |
| No charge/charity | 0.45 (0.08 to 2.56) | 0.363 |
| Other | 0.74 (0.29 to 1.87) | 0.515 |
| Blank/unknown | 0.55 (0.38 to 0.79) | 0.002 |
CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program)
EMS, emergency medical service; ESA, Emergency Service Area.