Organ support for COVID-19-positive patients by discharge status (n=1024)
| All patients (n=1024) | Discharged alive (n=805) | Died in hospital (n=219) | |
| Treated in an ICU, n (%) | 232 (22.7) | 101 (12.5) | 131 (59.8) |
| Respiratory support ever received, n (%)* | |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 161 (15.7) | 47 (5.8) | 114 (52.1) |
| Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation | 27 (2.6) | 10 (1.2) | 17 (7.8) |
| HHFNC | 90 (8.8) | 57 (7.1) | 33 (15.1) |
| Oxygen mask (>40% FiO2) | 159 (15.5) | 76 (9.4) | 83 (37.9) |
| Maximum respiratory support received, n (%)† | |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 161 (15.7) | 47 (5.8) | 114 (52.1) |
| Non-invasive positive pressure | 15 (1.5) | 6 (0.7) | 9 (4.1) |
| HHFNC | 60 (5.9) | 40 (5.0) | 20 (9.1) |
| Oxygen mask (>40% FiO2) | 88 (8.6) | 48 (6.0) | 40 (18.3) |
| Nasal canula oxygen, 1–6 L/min | 441 (43.1) | 415 (51.6) | 26 (11.9) |
| No respiratory support | 259 (25.3) | 249 (30.9) | 10 (4.6) |
| Max FiO2 received, n (%) | |||
| 91%–100% | 126 (12.3) | 34 (4.2) | 92 (42) |
| 81%–90% | 30 (2.9) | 13 (1.6) | 17 (7.8) |
| 71%–80% | 86 (8.4) | 42 (5.2) | 44 (20.1) |
| 61%–70% | 16 (1.6) | 9 (1.1) | 7 (3.2) |
| 51%–60% | 26 (2.5) | 14 (1.7) | 12 (5.5) |
| 41%–50% | 24 (2.3) | 20 (2.5) | 4 (1.8) |
| 31%–40% | 170 (16.6) | 144 (17.9) | 26 (11.9) |
| 21%–30% | 287 (28) | 280 (34.8) | 7 (3.2) |
| Non-respiratory organ support received, n (%) | |||
| Vasopressor | 141 (13.8) | 35 (4.3) | 106 (48.4) |
| Any dialysis‡ | 53 (5.2) | 17 (2.1) | 36 (16.4) |
| CRRT only | 17 (1.7) | 1 (0.1) | 16 (7.3) |
| iHD only | 28 (2.7) | 15 (1.9) | 13 (5.9) |
| CPR | 41 (4.0) | 1 (0.1) | 40 (18.3) |
*Represents any use of respiratory support. Numbers are greater than 100% as one patient may have received multiple treatments.
†Represents the highest level of respiratory support a patient has received during hospitalisation.
‡Includes iHD, dialysis and ultrafiltration.
CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; HHFNC, heated high-flow nasal cannula; ICU, intensive care unit; iHD, intermittent haemodialysis.